Kříž CzechMeans
"cross" in Czech, ultimately from Latin
crux.
Król PolishMeans
"king" in Polish. The name referred to one who acted like a king or was connected in some way with a king's household.
Kučera CzechMeans
"curl" in Czech, a nickname for a person with curly locks of hair.
Kudrna CzechMeans
"curl" in Czech, a nickname for someone with curly hair.
Kumięga PolishPossibly from Polish
kum "godfather, friend" or
komięga "raft, barge".
Kwiatkowski PolishHabitational name for someone from any of the various locations named
Kwiatków,
Kwiatkowo or
Kwiatkowice, named from a diminutive of Polish
kwiat meaning "flower".
Kyselý CzechMeans
"sour" in Czech. It was most likely used to denote a person known for having a bad mood.
Lagunov RussianPatronymic name derived from Russian
лагун (lagun) meaning
"water barrel". It was used to denote the descendants of a person who made water barrels.
Láník CzechDerived from Czech
lán, a measure of land equal to approximately 18 hectares. The name loosely translates as "farmer" and is considered a Moravian equivalent of
Sedlák.
Lenin Russian (Modern)Surname adopted by the Russian revolutionary and founder of the former Soviet state Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870-1924), whose birth surname was
Ulyanov. He probably adapted it from the name of the River Lena in Siberia.
Lewandowski PolishFrom the Polish estate name
Lewandów, which is itself possibly derived from a personal name or from
lawenda "lavender".
Lis PolishMeans
"fox" in Polish, a nickname for a sly person.
Macháň CzechDerived from the given name
Mach, a Czech diminutive of
Matěj and other given names beginning with
Ma.
Majewski PolishDerived from Polish
maj meaning
"May". It may have been given in reference to the month the bearer was baptized.
Malinowski PolishFrom Polish
malina meaning
"raspberry", originally indicating a person who lived near a raspberry patch.
Máselník CzechReferred to one who churned or sold butter or buttermilk, derived from Czech
máslo "butter".
Mazur PolishIndicated a person from either Mazovia (Polish
Mazowsze) or Masuria (Polish
Mazury), regions in Poland.
Melnyk UkrainianMeans
"miller" in Ukrainian. This is the most common Ukrainian surname.
Mencher PolishPossibly an occupational name derived from Polish
maczarz meaning
"miller".
Michalski PolishHabitational name for a person from a village named
Michale or
Michały, both derived from the given name
Michał.
Mlakar Slovene, CroatianReferred to someone who lived near a pool, derived from South Slavic
mlaka meaning
"pool, puddle".
Moravec CzechOriginally indicated a person from Moravia (Czech
Morava).
Moździerz PolishMeans
"mortar" in Polish. It probably referred to someone who worked with or sold mortar.
Musil CzechPossibly from a nickname meaning
"the one who had to", from the past participle of the Czech verb
muset meaning "must" (of Germanic origin).
Myška CzechFrom nickname derived from Czech
myš meaning
"mouse".
Navrátil CzechMeans
"returned" in Czech, from the verb
navrátit "to return", perhaps used to denote a person who came home following a long absence.
Niemczyk PolishFrom Polish
Niemiec meaning
"German" and the patronymic suffix
-czyk.
Novosad CzechFrom place names meaning
"new orchard" in Czech.
Nowakowski PolishHabitational name for a person from various towns called
Nowakowo or similar, derived from Polish
nowy meaning "new".
Nowicki PolishHabitational name for a person from any of the towns in Poland called Nowice. The name is derived from Polish
nowy meaning "new".
Orlov RussianPatronymic derived from the Russian nickname
Орёл (Oryol) meaning
"eagle".
Pasternak Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, YiddishMeans
"parsnip" in various Slavic languages, ultimately from Latin
pastinaca. A famous bearer was Boris Pasternak (1890-1960), author of
Doctor Zhivago.
Pavlov Russian, BulgarianMeans
"son of Pavel". A famous bearer of this surname was the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), known for his discovery of the conditioned reflex.
Pawłowski PolishHabitational name for someone from a town named
Pawłowo, derived from the given name
Paweł.
Piątek PolishMeans
"Friday" in Polish, derived from the word
piąty meaning "fifth".
Piotrowski PolishHabitational name for a person from towns named
Piotrów,
Piotrowo or
Piotrowice, all derived from the given name
Piotr.
Pleško SloveneNickname for a bald person, from Slovene
pleša meaning
"bald patch".
Podsedník CzechMeans
"one who sits behind" in Czech, an equivalent to
Zahradník mainly used in the region of Moravia.
Polák CzechMeans
"Pole, person from Poland" in Czech.
Pololáník CzechDerived from Czech
polo "one half" and
lán, a medieval Czech measure of land (approximately 18 hectares). The name denoted someone who owned this much land.
Pospíšil CzechNickname for a person in a hurry, from Czech
pospíšit "hurry".
Procházka CzechMeans
"walk, wander, stroll" in Czech. This was an occupational name for a travelling tradesman.
Pulkrábek CzechDerived from the medieval status name
purkrabí meaning
"burgrave". It is derived from German
Burggraf meaning "castle count".
Putin RussianFrom Russian
путь (put) meaning
"road, path". This surname is borne by the Russian president Vladimir Putin (1952-).
Rasputin RussianFrom Russian
распутье (rasputye) meaning
"crossroads". A famous bearer was the Russian mystic Grigoriy Rasputin (1869-1916).
Romanov RussianMeans
"son of Roman". This was the surname of the last dynasty of Russian tsars.
Rudawski PolishIndicated a person who lived near the Rudawa, a river in Poland.
Ryba Czech, PolishMeans
"fish" in Czech and Slovak, an occupational name for a fisher.
Rybář CzechMeans
"fisher" in Czech, from
ryba meaning "fish".
Sadowski PolishDenoted someone who lived in Sadowo, Sadowice or other places beginning with Polish
sad "garden, orchard".
Šarić Croatian, SerbianPatronymic of (possibly) Serbo-Croatian
šaren meaning
"colourful, patterned".
Ševčík CzechOccupational name derived from Czech
švec meaning
"shoemaker, cobbler".
Sienkiewicz PolishPatronymic from the given name
Sienko, an old diminutive of
Szymon. This was the surname of the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846-1916).
Sitko PolishMeans
"fine sieve" in Polish, a diminutive of the Polish word
sito "sieve".
Skála CzechMeans
"rock" in Czech, indicating that the original bearer lived near a prominent rock.
Skalický Czech, SlovakIndicated the original bearer came from a place named
Skalice,
Skalica or
Skalička in the Czech Republic or Slovakia, derived from the Slavic root
skala meaning "rock".
Slezák CzechOriginally a name for a person from
Silesia, a historical region that is nowadays split between Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic.
Ślusarski PolishOccupational name for a locksmith, from Polish
ślusarz, of Germanic origin.
Smirnov RussianDerived from Russian
смирный (smirny) meaning "quiet, peaceful, timid". This is one of the most common surnames in Russia.
Smolak Polish, CzechOccupational name for a distiller of pitch, derived from the Slavic word
smola meaning
"pitch, resin".
Śniegowski PolishHabitational name for a person from Sniegow, Sniegowo or other places with a name derived from Polish
śnieg "snow".
Sobol Russian, Ukrainian, JewishOccupational name for a fur trader, from the Slavic word
soboli meaning
"sable, marten". As a Jewish name it is ornamental.
Sokol Czech, Slovak, JewishFrom Czech and Slovak
sokol meaning
"falcon", a nickname or an occupational name for a falconer. As a Jewish name it is ornamental.
Sokołowski PolishUsually refers to the city of Sokołów Podlaski in Poland. It may sometimes be derived from Polish
sokół meaning "falcon".
Souček CzechFrom Czech
suk meaning
"tree knot". This could either be a topographic name or a nickname for a stubborn person.
Sówka PolishFrom a diminutive of Polish
sowa meaning
"owl".
Starek PolishFrom a nickname derived from Polish
stary "old".
Stolarz PolishOccupational name from Polish
stolarz meaning
"joiner, maker of furniture".
Struna Slovene, CzechFrom Slavic
struna meaning
"string, cord", possibly denoting a maker of rope.
Suchý CzechMeans
"dry" in Czech. This was a nickname for a thin person.
Svoboda CzechMeans
"freedom" in Czech. This was a medieval name for a freeman, someone who was not a serf.
Szweda PolishDerived from Polish
Szwed meaning
"Swede, person from Sweden".
Terzić BosnianFrom Bosnian
terzija meaning
"tailor", ultimately of Persian origin.
Tesař CzechMeans
"carpenter" in Czech, ultimately from the Slavic word
tesla meaning "adze".