De Groot means "the big", and so is descriptive.
Van Asperen from the place name Asperen.
Van Steenbergen from the place name Steenbergen, there are four in Netherlands.
Beunke may be the same as Beunk, which the surname databank at
www.meertens.knaw.nl has as a place name. I haven't found one. There were 335 people called Beunk in the Netherlands in 1947, but only nine called Beunke.