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Scholten is either patronymic, after Scholte/Scholto/Schelto, thus meaning "son of Scholte" or after a profession, the schout , which translates as "bailiff, sheriff" (he who punishes). The firstnames Scholte, Scholto and Schelto are from schout as well.

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Rant i can't find, but could be from rand , which means "border, edge", which could mean the person used to live near the border, edge of something (like the village).

Groen could be the dutch form of Green. That surname comes form "green", probably it is comes from a nickname.