Spanish Kings and Queens
In the 10th century all of Spain was under the control of the Islamic Caliphate of Cordoba, with the exception of the northern Kingdoms of Asturias and Navarre and the Spanish March. Sancho III of Navarre united the greater parts of these realms in the early 11th century, but upon his death his kingdom was split between his sons into Navarre, Aragon, and Castile. Castile soon merged with the Kingdom of León in the northwest of Spain, while Aragon and the county of Catalonia eventually merged in the east. Meanwhile the caliphate in the south had collapsed, and Castile and Aragon expanded their borders south until in 1248 the only Muslim possession in Spain was Granada (which lasted until 1492).
Castile and Aragon were united as Spain in 1479 when the husband and wife team of Fernando III of Aragon and Isabel I of Castile ascended the thrones. After their deaths the crown of Spain went to their grandson Carlos (the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), a Habsburg, who also possessed extensive territories in Austria. Spain was ruled by the Spanish Habsburgs until 1700, at which time occurred the War of the Spanish Succession and the installment of a French Bourbon king, Felipe VI, as the ruler of Spain.
The monarchy was absent in Spain from 1808 to 1814 (as a result of Napoleon), and from 1931 to 1975.
| Name | Years | |
|---|---|---|
| Sancho III the Great (Navarre) | 1000-1035 |  |
| Ramiro I (Aragon) | 1035-1063 | |
| Fernando I the Great (Castile) | 1035-1065 | |
| Sancho Ramirez (Aragon) | 1063-1094 | |
| Sancho II the Strong (Castile) | 1065-1072 | |
| Alfonso VI the Valiant (Castile) | 1072-1073 | |
| Pedro I (Aragon) | 1094-1104 | |
| Alfonso I the Warrior (Aragon) | 1104-1134 | |
| Urraca (Castile) | 1109-1126 | |
| Alfonso VII the Emperor (Castile) | 1126-1157 | |
| Ramiro II the Monk (Aragon) | 1134-1137 | |
| Petronilla (Aragon) | 1137-1164 | |
| Sancho III the Desired (Castile) | 1157-1158 | |
| Fernando II (Leon) | 1157-1188 | |
| Alfonso VIII the Noble (Castile) | 1158-1214 | |
| Alfonso II the Chaste (Aragon) | 1164-1196 | |
| Alfonso IX (Leon) | 1188-1230 | |
| Pedro II (Aragon) | 1196-1213 | |
| Jaime I the Conqueror (Aragon) | 1213-1276 | |
| Enrique I (Castile) | 1214-1217 | |
| Berenguela the Great (Castile) | 1217 | |
| Fernando III the Saint (Castile) | 1217-1252 | |
| Alfonso X the Wise (Castile) | 1252-1284 | |
| Pedro III the Great (Aragon) | 1276-1285 | |
| Sancho IV the Brave (Castile) | 1284-1295 | |
| Alfonso III (Aragon) | 1285-1291 | |
| Jaime II the Just (Aragon) | 1291-1327 | |
| Fernando IV the Summoned (Castile) | 1295-1312 | |
| Alfonso XI the Just (Castile) | 1312-1350 | |
| Alfonso IV the Good (Aragon) | 1327-1336 | |
| Pedro IV the Ceremonious (Aragon) | 1336-1387 | |
| Pedro the Cruel (Castile) | 1350-1369 | |
| Enrique II the Bastard (Castile) | 1369-1379 | |
| Juan I (Castile) | 1379-1390 | |
| Juan I (Aragon) | 1387-1396 | |
| Enrique III the Infirm (Castile) | 1390-1406 | |
| Martín the Kind (Aragon) | 1396-1410 | |
| Juan II (Castile) | 1406-1454 | |
| Fernando I (Aragon) | 1412-1416 | |
| Alfonso V the Magnanimous (Aragon) | 1416-1458 | |
| Enrique IV the Impotent (Castile) | 1454-1474 | |
| Juan II (Aragon) | 1458-1479 | |
| Isabel I the Catholic (Castile) | 1474-1504 | |
| Fernando II the Catholic (Aragon) | 1479-1516 | |
| Juana the Mad | 1504-1555 | |
| Felipe I the Handsome (Castile) | 1506 | |
| Carlos I | 1516-1556 | |
| Felipe II the Prudent | 1556-1598 | |
| Felipe III the Pious | 1598-1621 | |
| Felipe IV | 1621-1665 | |
| Carlos II the Bewitched | 1665-1700 | |
| Felipe V of Anjou | 1700-1724; 1724-1746 | |
| Luis I | 1724 | |
| Fernando VI | 1746-1759 | |
| Carlos III | 1759-1788 | |
| Carlos IV | 1788-1808 | |
| José Bonaparte | 1808-1813 | |
| Fernando VII | 1808; 1814-1833 | |
| Isabel II the Glorious | 1833-1868 | |
| Amadeo I of Savoy | 1870-1873 | |
| Alfonso XII | 1874-1885 | |
| Alfonso XIII | 1885-1931 | |
| Juan Carlos I | 1975-2014 | |
| Felipe VI | 2014- | |