In English speaking countries (except recently New Zealand) parents have the right to give their children any name they want, as long as it is spelled in the letters of the
Roman alphabet. Some parents have given "male" names to girls since medieval times.
However, on the Social Security lists a lot of the instances of girls being given "male" names, and even more so boys being given "female" names, are simple coding errors. Back when everything was just being computerized, someone had to enter the data for everyone in the Social Security system by hand, and of course they made typographical errors, including in the sex code. So you will have instances of the opposite gender from "normal" in the data just because of these simple mistakes.
Now
Michael, in particular, definitely has been used on rare occasions as a female name in the USA, as exemplifed by the acress
Michael Learned. (I also went to high myself back in 1969 with a woman who was always called
Michael, though in her case in was technically her middle name so wouldn't have shown up in the Social Security data.) So some of those 546 girls in 1980 probably really were named
Michael, but I'd guess at least half of them are mistakes for boys whose sex code was entered incorrectly.
This message was edited 5/18/2023, 7:46 AM