Russian Grand Dukes and Tsars

Rurik was a Scandinavian Varangian who assumed power in the city of Novgorod in the late 9th century. His successors ruled from the city of Kiev. They were known as the Veliki Kniaz, translated into English as "Grand Duke" or "Grand Prince". In 988 Vladimir I became the first duke to convert to Christianity.

The center of power was transferred to the city of Vladimir under Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1168, and then to Moscow under Daniil in 1263. The Mongols of the Golden Horde invaded in the 13th century, destroying Kiev and putting most of the region under their domination for the next two centuries. The dukes were vassals of the Mongols, and had to pay tribute.

Ivan III "the Great" was the first Grand Duke to use the title Tsar (meaning "emperor", ultimately related to Latin Caesar) but it was his grandson Ivan IV "the Terrible" who was first crowned as such. The line of Rurik ended shortly thereafter. The reigns of Boris Gudonov and the Polish king Ladislaus followed, and then the Romanov dynasty came to power. It continued until 1917, when Tsar Nikolai II was executed by the Bolsheviks.

There have been 4 female tsars, called tsaritsas or tsarinas, notably Yekaterina (Catherine) the Great.

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NameYearsOther Names
Aleksandr I1801-1825
Aleksandr II1855-1881
Aleksandr III1881-1894
Aleksandr Nevskiy1252-1263
Aleksey1645-1676
Andrey Bogolyubsky1168-1174
Andrey II1249-1252
Andrey III1281-1283
Anna1730-1740
Boris Godunov1598-1605
Daniil1283-1303
Dimitri I1277-1281
Dmitri1359-1389
Dmitri1605-1606
Feodor I1584-1598
Feodor II1605
Feodor III1676-1682
Igor912-945
Ivan I1325-1341
Ivan II1353-1359
Ivan III the Great1462-1505
Ivan IV the Terrible1533-1584
Ivan V1682-1696
Ivan VI1740-1741
Iziaslav I1054-1073; 1077-1078
Iziaslav II1146-1154
Iziaslav III1157-1159
Konstantin1216-1218
Mikhail1174-1176
Mikhail I1613-1645
Mstislav I the Great1125-1132
Mstislav II1167-1169
Nikolai I1825-1855
Nikolai II1894-1917(Romanov)
Oleg879-912
Olga945-969
Pavel1796-1801
Pyotr I the Great1682-1725
Pyotr II1727-1730
Pyotr III1762
Rostislav1159-1167
Rurik862-879
Simeon1341-1353
Simeon Bekbulatovich1574-1576
Sviatopolk I1015-1019
Sviatopolk II1093-1113
Sviatoslav I945-972
Sviatoslav II1073-1076
Sviatoslav III1246-1249
Vasiliy1272-1277
Vasiliy I1389-1425
Vasiliy II1425-1462
Vasiliy III1505-1533
Vasiliy IV1606-1610
Vladimir II Monomakh1113-1125
Vladimir I the Great980-1015
Vsevolod I1078-1093
Vsevolod II1139-1146
Vsevolod III1176-1212
Yaropolk I972-980
Yaropolk II1132-1139
Yaroslav I the Wise1019-1054
Yaroslav II1238-1246
Yaroslav III1264-1271
Yekaterina I1725-1727
Yekaterina II the Great1762-1796
Yelizaveta1741-1762
Yuriy1303-1325
Yuriy I Dolgorukiy1154-1157
Yuriy II1212-1216; 1218-1238