The center of power was transferred to the city of Vladimir under Andrey Bogolyubsky in 1168, and then to Moscow under Daniil in 1263. The Mongols of the Golden Horde invaded in the 13th century, destroying Kiev and putting most of the region under their domination for the next two centuries. The dukes were vassals of the Mongols, and had to pay tribute.
Ivan III "the Great" was the first Grand Duke to use the title Tsar (meaning "emperor", ultimately related to Latin Caesar) but it was his grandson Ivan IV "the Terrible" who was first crowned as such. The line of Rurik ended shortly thereafter. The reigns of Boris Gudonov and the Polish king Ladislaus followed, and then the Romanov dynasty came to power. It continued until 1917, when Tsar Nikolai II was executed by the Bolsheviks.
There have been 4 female tsars, called tsaritsas or tsarinas, notably Yekaterina (Catherine) the Great.
Name | Years | Other Names | |
---|---|---|---|
Rurik | 862-879 | ||
Oleg | 879-912 | ||
Igor | 912-945 | ||
Olga | 945-969 | ||
Sviatoslav I | 945-972 | ||
Yaropolk I | 972-980 | ||
Vladimir I the Great | 980-1015 | ||
Sviatopolk I | 1015-1019 | ||
Yaroslav I the Wise | 1019-1054 | ||
Iziaslav I | 1054-1073; 1077-1078 | ||
Sviatoslav II | 1073-1076 | ||
Vsevolod I | 1078-1093 | ||
Sviatopolk II | 1093-1113 | ||
Vladimir II Monomakh | 1113-1125 | ||
Mstislav I the Great | 1125-1132 | ||
Yaropolk II | 1132-1139 | ||
Vsevolod II | 1139-1146 | ||
Iziaslav II | 1146-1154 | ||
Yuriy I Dolgorukiy | 1154-1157 | ||
Iziaslav III | 1157-1159 | ||
Rostislav | 1159-1167 | ||
Mstislav II | 1167-1169 | ||
Andrey Bogolyubsky | 1168-1174 | ||
Mikhail | 1174-1176 | ||
Vsevolod III | 1176-1212 | ||
Yuriy II | 1212-1216; 1218-1238 | ||
Konstantin | 1216-1218 | ||
Yaroslav II | 1238-1246 | ||
Sviatoslav III | 1246-1249 | ||
Andrey II | 1249-1252 | ||
Aleksandr Nevskiy | 1252-1263 | ||
Yaroslav III | 1264-1271 | ||
Vasiliy | 1272-1277 | ||
Dimitri I | 1277-1281 | ||
Andrey III | 1281-1283 | ||
Daniil | 1283-1303 | ||
Yuriy | 1303-1325 | ||
Ivan I | 1325-1341 | ||
Simeon | 1341-1353 | ||
Ivan II | 1353-1359 | ||
Dmitri | 1359-1389 | ||
Vasiliy I | 1389-1425 | ||
Vasiliy II | 1425-1462 | ||
Ivan III the Great | 1462-1505 | ||
Vasiliy III | 1505-1533 | ||
Ivan IV the Terrible | 1533-1584 | ||
Simeon Bekbulatovich | 1574-1576 | ||
Feodor I | 1584-1598 | ||
Boris Godunov | 1598-1605 | ||
Feodor II | 1605 | ||
Dmitri | 1605-1606 | ||
Vasiliy IV | 1606-1610 | ||
Mikhail I | 1613-1645 | ||
Aleksey | 1645-1676 | ||
Feodor III | 1676-1682 | ||
Ivan V | 1682-1696 | ||
Pyotr I the Great | 1682-1725 | ||
Yekaterina I | 1725-1727 | ||
Pyotr II | 1727-1730 | ||
Anna | 1730-1740 | ||
Ivan VI | 1740-1741 | ||
Yelizaveta | 1741-1762 | ||
Pyotr III | 1762 | ||
Yekaterina II the Great | 1762-1796 | ||
Pavel | 1796-1801 | ||
Aleksandr I | 1801-1825 | ||
Nikolai I | 1825-1855 | ||
Aleksandr II | 1855-1881 | ||
Aleksandr III | 1881-1894 | ||
Nikolai II | 1894-1917 | (Romanov) |