Notable Scientists and Inventors
This list is comprised of some of the most recognizable names from the world of science and invention. These lists do not include philosophers, mathematicians, psychologists, theologians who are instead listed with the famous thinkers.
| Name | Lifespan | Other Names | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abbas ibn Firnas | c. 809-887 |  | |
| Ernst Abbe | 1840-1905 | | |
| Alexei A. Abrikosov | 1928-2017 | | |
| Michel Adanson | 1727-1806 | | |
| Thomas Addison | 1795-1860 | | |
| Aglaonice | ?-c. 100 BC | | |
| Akasaki Isamu | 1929-2021 | | |
| Abu Rayhan Muhammad al-Biruni | 973-c. 1050 | | |
| Kurt Alder | 1902-1958 | | |
| Zhores Alferov | 1930-2019 | | |
| Hannes Alfvén | 1908-1995 | | |
| Ismail al-Jazari | 1136-1206 | | |
| Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Razi | 865-925 | (Rhazes) | |
| Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi | 903-986 | | |
| Luis Walter Alvarez | 1911-1988 | | |
| Alois Alzheimer | 1864-1915 | | |
| Amano Hiroshi | 1960- | | |
| André-Marie Ampère | 1775-1836 | | |
| Carl David Anderson | 1905-1991 | | |
| Philip W. Anderson | 1923-2020 | | |
| Mary Anning | 1799-1847 | | |
| Virginia Apgar | 1909-1974 | | |
| Apollonius of Perga | c. 262-c. 190 BC | | |
| Nicolas Appert | 1749-1841 | | |
| Edward Victor Appleton | 1892-1965 | | |
| Aristarchus of Samos | c. 310-c. 230 BC | | |
| Richard Arkwright | 1733-1792 | | |
| Frances Arnold | 1956- | | |
| Svante Arrhenius | 1859-1927 | | |
| Aryabhata | 476-550 | | |
| Arthur Ashkin | 1922-2020 | | |
| Hans Asperger | 1906-1980 | | |
| Francis William Aston | 1877-1945 | | |
| David Attenborough | 1926- | | |
| John James Audubon | 1785-1851 | | |
| Amedeo Avogadro | 1776-1856 | | |
| Charles Babbage | 1791-1871 | | |
| John Logie Baird | 1888-1946 | | |
| Robert Stawell Ball | 1840-1913 | | |
| Valentine Ball | 1843-1894 | | |
| Frederick Banting | 1891-1941 | | |
| Róbert Bárány | 1876-1936 | | |
| Marius Barbeau | 1883-1969 | | |
| John Bardeen | 1908-1991 | | |
| Charles Glover Barkla | 1877-1944 | | |
| Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | 1947- | | |
| Asım Orhan Barut | 1926-1994 | | |
| Nikolay Basov | 1922-2001 | | |
| Adolf Bastian | 1826-1905 | | |
| Henri Becquerel | 1852-1908 | | |
| Georg Bednorz | 1950- | | |
| Alexander Graham Bell | 1847-1922 | | |
| Ruth Benedict | 1887-1948 | | |
| Carl Benz | 1844-1929 | (Vaillant) | |
| Paul Berg | 1926-2023 | | |
| Friedrich Bergius | 1884-1949 | | |
| Emile Berliner | 1851-1929 | | |
| Claude Bernard | 1813-1878 | | |
| Hugo Bernatzik | 1897-1953 | | |
| Tim Berners-Lee | 1955- | | |
| Daniel Bernoulli | 1700-1782 | | |
| Carolyn Bertozzi | 1966- | | |
| Jöns Jacob Berzelius | 1779-1848 | | |
| Friedrich Bessel | 1784-1846 | | |
| Hans Bethe | 1906-2005 | | |
| Gerd Binnig | 1947- | | |
| László Bíró | 1899-1985 | | |
| Adriaan Blaauw | 1914-2010 | | |
| Elizabeth Blackburn | 1948- | | |
| Patrick Blackett | 1897-1974 | | |
| Jean-Pierre Blanchard | 1753-1809 | | |
| Louis Blériot | 1872-1936 | | |
| Felix Bloch | 1905-1983 | | |
| Nicolaas Bloembergen | 1920-2017 | | |
| Franz Boas | 1858-1942 | | |
| Aage Bohr | 1922-2009 | | |
| Niels Bohr | 1885-1962 | | |
| Ludwig Boltzmann | 1844-1906 | | |
| Jules Bordet | 1870-1961 | | |
| Norman Borlaug | 1914-2009 | | |
| Max Born | 1882-1970 | | |
| Carl Bosch | 1874-1940 | | |
| Satyendra Nath Bose | 1894-1974 | | |
| Walther Bothe | 1891-1957 | | |
| Robert Boyle | 1627-1691 | | |
| Willard Boyle | 1924-2011 | | |
| C. V. Boys | 1855-1944 | | |
| William Henry Bragg | 1862-1942 | | |
| William Lawrence Bragg | 1890-1971 | | |
| Tycho Brahe | 1546-1601 | | |
| Louis Braille | 1809-1852 | | |
| Walter Houser Brattain | 1902-1987 | | |
| Karl Ferdinand Braun | 1850-1918 | | |
| Sydney Brenner | 1927-2019 | | |
| Percy Williams Bridgman | 1882-1961 | | |
| Robert Brown | 1773-1858 | | |
| John Browning | 1855-1926 | | |
| Giordano Bruno | 1548-1600 | | |
| Eduard Buchner | 1860-1917 | | |
| Linda B. Buck | 1947- | | |
| David Dunbar Buick | 1854-1929 | | |
| Robert Bunsen | 1811-1899 | | |
| Jocelyn Bell Burnell | 1943- | | |
| Vannevar Bush | 1890-1974 | | |
| Adolf Butenandt | 1903-1995 | | |
| C. H. D. Buys Ballot | 1817-1890 | (Buis) | |
| Niccolò Cacciatore | 1770-1841 | | |
| Cai Lun | 50-121 | (Ts'ai) | |
| Guy Stewart Callendar | 1898-1964 | | |
| Melvin Calvin | 1911-1997 | | |
| Samuel Warren Carey | 1911-2002 | | |
| Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot | 1796-1832 | | |
| Alexis Carrel | 1873-1944 | | |
| Willis Carrier | 1876-1950 | | |
| Rachel Carson | 1907-1964 | | |
| Howard Carter | 1874-1939 | | |
| Giovanni Domenico Cassini | 1625-1712 | | |
| Henry Cavendish | 1731-1810 | | |
| Anders Celsius | 1701-1744 | | |
| James Chadwick | 1891-1974 | | |
| Owen Chamberlain | 1920-2006 | | |
| Britton Chance | 1913-2010 | | |
| Jean-Martin Charcot | 1825-1893 | | |
| Georges Charpak | 1924-2010 | | |
| Emmanuelle Charpentier | 1968- | | |
| Pavel Cherenkov | 1904-1990 | | |
| Steven Chu | 1948- | | |
| Rudolf Clausius | 1822-1888 | | |
| John Cockcroft | 1897-1967 | | |
| Claude Cohen-Tannoudji | 1933- | | |
| Samuel Colt | 1814-1862 | | |
| Arthur Compton | 1892-1962 | | |
| Leon Cooper | 1930- | | |
| Martin Cooper | 1928- | | |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | 1473-1543 | | |
| Gerty Cori | 1896-1957 | | |
| George Henry Corliss | 1817-1888 | | |
| Francis Crick | 1916-2004 | | |
| Bartolomeo Cristofori | 1655-1731 | | |
| Burrill Bernard Crohn | 1884-1983 | | |
| James Cronin | 1931-2016 | | |
| Paul J. Crutzen | 1933-2021 | | |
| Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot | 1725-1804 | | |
| Marie Curie | 1867-1934 | | |
| Pierre Curie | 1859-1906 | | |
| Georges Cuvier | 1769-1832 | | |
| Louis Daguerre | 1787-1851 | | |
| Gottlieb Daimler | 1834-1900 | | |
| Gustaf Dalén | 1869-1937 | | |
| John Dalton | 1766-1844 | | |
| Charles Darrow | 1889-1967 | | |
| Charles Darwin | 1809-1882 | | |
| Amil Kumar Das | 1902-1961 | | |
| Leonardo da Vinci | 1452-1519 | | |
| Raymond Davis Jr. | 1914-2006 | | |
| Clinton Davisson | 1881-1958 | | |
| Humphry Davy | 1778-1829 | | |
| Richard Dawkins | 1941- | | |
| Louis de Broglie | 1892-1987 | | |
| Peter Debye | 1884-1966 | | |
| Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis | 1792-1843 | | |
| Charles-Augustin de Coulomb | 1736-1806 | | |
| John Deere | 1804-1886 | | |
| Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | 1932-2007 | | |
| Guidobaldo del Monte | 1545-1607 | | |
| Otto Diels | 1876-1954 | | |
| Rudolf Diesel | 1858-1913 | | |
| Paul Dirac | 1902-1984 | | |
| Gerhard Domagk | 1895-1964 | | |
| Christian Doppler | 1803-1853 | | |
| Jennifer Doudna | 1964- | | |
| John Langdon Down | 1828-1896 | | |
| Karl Drais | 1785-1851 | | |
| John Boyd Dunlop | 1840-1921 | | |
| Freeman Dyson | 1923-2020 | | |
| Charles Eastman | 1858-1939 | | |
| George Eastman | 1854-1932 | | |
| Arthur Eddington | 1882-1944 | | |
| Thomas Edison | 1847-1931 | | |
| Robert Edwards | 1925-2013 | | |
| Olin J. Eggen | 1919-1998 | | |
| Paul Ehrlich | 1854-1915 | | |
| Gustave Eiffel | 1832-1923 | | |
| Manfred Eigen | 1927-2019 | | |
| Christiaan Eijkman | 1858-1930 | | |
| Albert Einstein | 1879-1955 | | |
| Willem Einthoven | 1860-1927 | | |
| Gertrude B. Elion | 1918-1999 | | |
| Douglas Engelbart | 1925-2013 | | |
| François Englert | 1932- | | |
| Gerhard Ertl | 1936- | | |
| Reona Esaki | 1925- | | |
| Arthur Evans | 1851-1941 | | |
| Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit | 1686-1736 | | |
| Michael Faraday | 1791-1867 | | |
| Leo Fender | 1909-1991 | | |
| Enrico Fermi | 1901-1954 | | |
| Albert Fert | 1938- | | |
| Richard Feynman | 1918-1988 | | |
| Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick | 1852-1937 | | |
| Niels Ryberg Finsen | 1860-1904 | | |
| Emil Fischer | 1852-1919 | | |
| Hans Fischer | 1881-1945 | | |
| Val Logsdon Fitch | 1923-2015 | | |
| Camille Flammarion | 1842-1925 | | |
| Alexander Fleming | 1881-1955 | | |
| Williamina Fleming | 1857-1911 | | |
| Howard Florey | 1898-1968 | | |
| Henry Ford | 1863-1947 | | |
| Dian Fossey | 1932-1985 | | |
| Léon Foucault | 1819-1868 | | |
| William Alfred Fowler | 1911-1995 | | |
| James Franck | 1882-1964 | | |
| Ilya Frank | 1908-1990 | | |
| Rosalind Franklin | 1920-1958 | | |
| James George Frazer | 1854-1941 | | |
| Augustin-Jean Fresnel | 1788-1827 | | |
| Jerome Isaac Friedman | 1930- | | |
| Buckminster Fuller | 1895-1983 | | |
| Robert Fulton | 1765-1815 | | |
| Dennis Gabor | 1900-1979 | | |
| Galen | 129-c. 216 | | |
| Galileo Galilei | 1564-1642 | | |
| Luigi Galvani | 1737-1798 | | |
| Maus Gatsonides | 1911-1998 | | |
| Carl Friedrich Gauss | 1777-1855 | | |
| Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac | 1778-1850 | | |
| Andre Geim | 1958- | | |
| Murray Gell-Mann | 1929-2019 | | |
| Conrad Gessner | 1516-1565 | | |
| Andrea Mia Ghez | 1965- | | |
| Riccardo Giacconi | 1931-2018 | | |
| Ivar Giaever | 1929- | | |
| Josiah Willard Gibbs | 1839-1903 | | |
| William Gilbert | 1544-1603 | | |
| Georges Gilles de La Tourette | 1857-1904 | | |
| Vitaly Ginzburg | 1916-2009 | | |
| Donald A. Glaser | 1926-2013 | | |
| Sheldon Lee Glashow | 1932- | | |
| Roy J. Glauber | 1925-2018 | | |
| Robert H. Goddard | 1882-1945 | | |
| Maria Goeppert-Mayer | 1906-1972 | | |
| Camillo Golgi | 1843-1926 | | |
| Jane Goodall | 1934- | | |
| John B. Goodenough | 1922-2023 | | |
| Ward Goodenough | 1919-2013 | | |
| Charles Goodyear | 1800-1860 | | |
| David Graeber | 1961-2020 | | |
| John Edward Gray | 1800-1875 | | |
| James Gregory | 1638-1675 | | |
| Carol W. Greider | 1961- | | |
| Victor Grignard | 1871-1935 | | |
| David Gross | 1941- | | |
| Peter Grünberg | 1939-2018 | | |
| Charles Édouard Guillaume | 1861-1938 | | |
| Ayyub Guliyev | 1954- | | |
| Allvar Gullstrand | 1862-1930 | | |
| Johannes Gutenberg | c. 1395-1468 | | |
| Fritz Haber | 1868-1934 | | |
| Ernst Haeckel | 1834-1919 | | |
| Otto Hahn | 1879-1968 | | |
| Duncan Haldane | 1951- | | |
| John L. Hall | 1934- | | |
| Edmond Halley | 1656-1742 | | |
| Margaret Hamilton | 1936- | | |
| William Rowan Hamilton | 1805-1865 | | |
| Theodor W. Hänsch | 1941- | | |
| Arthur Harden | 1865-1940 | | |
| Serge Haroche | 1944- | | |
| William Harvey | 1578-1657 | | |
| Stephen Hawking | 1942-2018 | | |
| Bruce C. Heezen | 1924-1977 | | |
| Henry Heimlich | 1920-2016 | | |
| Werner Heisenberg | 1901-1976 | | |
| Hermann von Helmholtz | 1821-1894 | | |
| Caroline Herschel | 1750-1848 | | |
| John Herschel | 1792-1871 | | |
| William Herschel | 1738-1822 | | |
| Gustav Ludwig Hertz | 1887-1975 | | |
| Heinrich Hertz | 1857-1894 | | |
| Ejnar Hertzsprung | 1873-1967 | | |
| Victor Francis Hess | 1883-1964 | | |
| Johannes Hevelius | 1611-1687 | | |
| George de Hevesy | 1885-1966 | | |
| Antony Hewish | 1924-2021 | | |
| Jaroslav Heyrovský | 1890-1967 | | |
| Peter Higgs | 1929- | | |
| Rowland Hill | 1795-1879 | | |
| Hipparchus of Nicaea | c. 190-c. 120 BC | | |
| Hippocrates of Cos | 460-370 BC | | |
| Dorothy Hodgkin | 1910-1994 | | |
| Albert Hofmann | 1906-2008 | | |
| Robert Hofstadter | 1915-1990 | | |
| Herman Hollerith | 1860-1929 | | |
| Robert Hooke | 1635-1703 | | |
| Frederick Gowland Hopkins | 1861-1947 | | |
| Grace Hopper | 1906-1992 | | |
| Jack Horner | 1946- | | |
| Edwin Hubble | 1889-1953 | | |
| William Huggins | 1824-1910 | | |
| Russell Alan Hulse | 1950- | | |
| George Huntington | 1850-1916 | | |
| Andrew Huxley | 1917-2012 | | |
| Julian Huxley | 1887-1975 | | |
| Thomas Henry Huxley | 1825-1895 | | |
| Christiaan Huygens | 1629-1695 | | |
| Ibn al-Haytham | c. 965-c. 1040 | | |
| Jabir ibn Hayyan | c. 721-c. 815 | | |
| Joseph Marie Jacquard | 1752-1834 | | |
| Edward Jenner | 1749-1823 | | |
| J. Hans D. Jensen | 1907-1973 | | |
| Frédéric Joliot-Curie | 1900-1958 | | |
| Irène Joliot-Curie | 1897-1956 | | |
| Brian David Josephson | 1940- | | |
| James Prescott Joule | 1818-1889 | | |
| Annie Jump Cannon | 1863-1941 | | |
| Kajita Takaaki | 1959- | | |
| Michio Kaku | 1947- | | |
| Mikhail Kalashnikov | 1919-2013 | | |
| Charles K. Kao | 1933-2018 | | |
| Pyotr Kapitsa | 1894-1984 | | |
| Jacobus Kapteyn | 1851-1922 | | |
| Paul Karrer | 1889-1971 | | |
| Alfred Kastler | 1902-1984 | | |
| Charles David Keeling | 1928-2005 | | |
| Johannes Kepler | 1571-1630 | | |
| Wolfgang Ketterle | 1957- | | |
| Har Gobind Khorana | 1922-2011 | | |
| Jack Kilby | 1923-2005 | | |
| Gustav Kirchhoff | 1824-1887 | | |
| Harry Klinefelter | 1912-1990 | | |
| Robert Koch | 1843-1910 | | |
| Emil Theodor Kocher | 1841-1917 | | |
| Hedwig Kohn | 1887-1964 | | |
| Hermann Kolbe | 1818-1884 | | |
| Roger D. Kornberg | 1947- | | |
| Sergei Korolev | 1907-1966 | | |
| Sergei Korsakov | 1854-1900 | (Korsakoff) | |
| Koshiba Masatoshi | 1926-2020 | | |
| Albrecht Kossel | 1853-1927 | | |
| J. Michael Kosterlitz | 1943- | | |
| Emil Kraepelin | 1856-1926 | | |
| Hans Adolf Krebs | 1900-1981 | | |
| Vincas Kudirka | 1858-1899 | | |
| Gerard Kuiper | 1905-1973 | | |
| Polykarp Kusch | 1911-1993 | | |
| Adolf Kussmaul | 1822-1902 | | |
| Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | 1744-1829 | | |
| Willis Lamb | 1913-2008 | | |
| Lev Landau | 1908-1968 | | |
| Karl Landsteiner | 1868-1943 | | |
| Irving Langmuir | 1881-1957 | | |
| Pierre-Simon Laplace | 1749-1827 | | |
| Max von Laue | 1879-1960 | | |
| Robert B. Laughlin | 1950- | | |
| Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran | 1845-1922 | | |
| Antoine Lavoisier | 1743-1794 | | |
| Ernest Lawrence | 1901-1958 | | |
| Henrietta Swan Leavitt | 1868-1921 | | |
| Georges-Louis Leclerc | 1707-1788 | | |
| Leon M. Lederman | 1922-2018 | | |
| Lee Tsung-Dao | 1926- | | |
| Anthony James Leggett | 1938- | | |
| Inge Lehmann | 1888-1993 | | |
| Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | 1646-1716 | | |
| Georges Lemaître | 1894-1966 | | |
| Philipp Lenard | 1862-1947 | | |
| Rita Levi-Montalcini | 1909-2012 | | |
| Willard Libby | 1908-1980 | | |
| Justus von Liebig | 1803-1873 | | |
| Carl Linnaeus | 1707-1778 | | |
| Hans Lipperhey | c. 1570-1619 | | |
| Gabriel Lippmann | 1845-1921 | | |
| Joseph Lister | 1827-1912 | | |
| Mikhail Lomonosov | 1711-1765 | | |
| Hendrik Lorentz | 1853-1928 | | |
| Konrad Lorenz | 1903-1989 | | |
| Charles Lyell | 1797-1875 | | |
| Ernst Mach | 1838-1916 | | |
| Bronisław Malinowski | 1884-1942 | | |
| Guglielmo Marconi | 1874-1937 | | |
| Antoine Marfan | 1858-1942 | | |
| Barry Marshall | 1951- | | |
| Toshihide Maskawa | 1940-2021 | | |
| John C. Mather | 1946- | | |
| Antonia Maury | 1866-1952 | | |
| James Clerk Maxwell | 1831-1879 | | |
| Wilhelm Maybach | 1846-1929 | | |
| Michel Mayor | 1942- | | |
| Barbara McClintock | 1902-1992 | | |
| Arthur B. McDonald | 1943- | | |
| Edwin McMillan | 1907-1991 | | |
| Margaret Mead | 1901-1978 | | |
| Ilya Mechnikov | 1845-1916 | (Metchnikoff) | |
| Lise Meitner | 1878-1968 | | |
| Gregor Mendel | 1822-1884 | | |
| Dmitriy Mendeleev | 1834-1907 | | |
| Prosper Menière | 1799-1862 | | |
| Maria Sibylla Merian | 1647-1717 | | |
| Charles Messier | 1730-1817 | | |
| Antonio Meucci | 1808-1889 | | |
| Adolf Meyer | 1866-1950 | | |
| Albert Abraham Michelson | 1852-1931 | | |
| Gustav Mie | 1868-1957 | | |
| Robert Andrews Millikan | 1868-1953 | | |
| Marcel Minnaert | 1893-1970 | | |
| Henri Moissan | 1852-1907 | | |
| Mario Molina | 1943-2020 | | |
| Jacques Monod | 1910-1976 | | |
| Luc Montagnier | 1932-2022 | | |
| Lewis H. Morgan | 1818-1881 | | |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan | 1866-1945 | | |
| William G. Morgan | 1870-1942 | | |
| Samuel Morse | 1791-1872 | | |
| May-Britt Moser | 1963- | | |
| Rudolf Mössbauer | 1929-2011 | | |
| Nevill Francis Mott | 1905-1996 | | |
| Ben Roy Mottelson | 1926-2022 | | |
| Augustin Mouchot | 1825-1911 | | |
| K. Alex Müller | 1927-2023 | | |
| Otto Friedrich Müller | 1730-1784 | | |
| James Naismith | 1861-1939 | | |
| Nakamura Shuji | 1954- | | |
| Yoichiro Nambu | 1921-2015 | | |
| Giulio Natta | 1903-1979 | | |
| Louis Néel | 1904-2000 | | |
| Walther Nernst | 1864-1941 | | |
| Thomas Newcomen | 1664-1729 | | |
| Isaac Newton | 1642-1727 | | |
| Nicéphore Niépce | 1765-1833 | | |
| Alfred Nobel | 1833-1896 | | |
| John Howard Northrop | 1891-1987 | | |
| Konstantin Novoselov | 1974- | | |
| Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard | 1942- | | |
| Georg Ohm | 1789-1854 | | |
| Heike Kamerlingh Onnes | 1853-1926 | | |
| Lars Onsager | 1903-1976 | | |
| Jan Oort | 1900-1992 | | |
| J. Robert Oppenheimer | 1904-1967 | | |
| Barnaba Oriani | 1752-1832 | | |
| Hans Christian Ørsted | 1777-1851 | | |
| Wilhelm Ostwald | 1853-1932 | | |
| Yoshinori Ōsumi | 1945- | (Ohsumi) | |
| Nikolaus Otto | 1832-1891 | | |
| Svante Pääbo | 1955- | | |
| Friedrich Paneth | 1887-1958 | | |
| Anton Pannekoek | 1873-1960 | | |
| Denis Papin | 1647-c. 1712 | | |
| Paracelsus | 1493-1541 | | |
| James Parkinson | 1755-1824 | | |
| Louis Pasteur | 1822-1895 | | |
| Clair Patterson | 1922-1995 | | |
| Les Paul | 1915-2009 | | |
| Wolfgang Paul | 1913-1993 | | |
| Wolfgang Pauli | 1900-1958 | | |
| Linus Pauling | 1901-1994 | | |
| Ivan Pavlov | 1849-1936 | | |
| Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin | 1900-1979 | | |
| Jim Peebles | 1935- | | |
| Slavoljub Eduard Penkala | 1871-1922 | | |
| Roger Penrose | 1931- | | |
| Arno Allan Penzias | 1933- | | |
| Martin Lewis Perl | 1927-2014 | | |
| Saul Perlmutter | 1959- | | |
| Jean Baptiste Perrin | 1870-1942 | | |
| Melba Phillips | 1907-2004 | | |
| William Daniel Phillips | 1948- | | |
| Giuseppe Piazzi | 1746-1826 | | |
| Edward Charles Pickering | 1846-1919 | | |
| William Henry Pickering | 1858-1938 | | |
| Max Planck | 1858-1947 | | |
| Pliny the Elder | c. 23-79 | (Plinius, Secundus) | |
| Hugh David Politzer | 1949- | | |
| Ferdinand Porsche | 1875-1951 | | |
| Claude Pouillet | 1790-1868 | | |
| Cecil Frank Powell | 1903-1969 | | |
| Fritz Pregl | 1869-1930 | | |
| Vladimir Prelog | 1906-1998 | | |
| Ilya Prigogine | 1917-2003 | | |
| Alexander Prokhorov | 1916-2002 | | |
| Ptolemy | c. 100-c. 168 | (Ptolemaeus) | |
| Edward Mills Purcell | 1912-1997 | | |
| Didier Queloz | 1966- | | |
| Isidor Isaac Rabi | 1898-1988 | | |
| James Rainwater | 1917-1986 | | |
| Venkatraman Ramakrishnan | 1952- | | |
| C. V. Raman | 1888-1970 | | |
| Santiago Ramón y Cajal | 1852-1934 | | |
| William Ramsay | 1852-1916 | | |
| Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. | 1915-2011 | | |
| Maurice Raynaud | 1834-1881 | | |
| Kathy Reichs | 1948- | | |
| Tadeusz Reichstein | 1897-1996 | | |
| Frederick Reines | 1918-1998 | | |
| Eliphalet Remington | 1793-1861 | | |
| Theodore William Richards | 1868-1928 | | |
| Owen Willans Richardson | 1879-1959 | | |
| Robert Coleman Richardson | 1937-2013 | | |
| Charles Richet | 1850-1935 | | |
| Burton Richter | 1931-2018 | | |
| Charles Francis Richter | 1900-1985 | | |
| Adam Riess | 1969- | | |
| Dennis Ritchie | 1941-2011 | | |
| David Rittenhouse | 1732-1796 | | |
| Heinrich Rohrer | 1933-2013 | | |
| Ole Rømer | 1644-1710 | | |
| Wilhelm Röntgen | 1845-1923 | | |
| Hermann Rorschach | 1884-1922 | | |
| Ronald Ross | 1857-1932 | | |
| John Shipley Rowlinson | 1926-2018 | | |
| Carlo Rubbia | 1934- | | |
| Ernő Rubik | 1944- | | |
| Vera Rubin | 1928-2016 | (Cooper) | |
| Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge | 1794-1867 | | |
| Ernst Ruska | 1906-1988 | | |
| Henry Norris Russell | 1877-1957 | | |
| Ernest Rutherford | 1871-1937 | | |
| Leopold Ružička | 1887-1976 | | |
| Martin Ryle | 1918-1984 | | |
| Paul Sabatier | 1854-1941 | | |
| Carl Sagan | 1934-1996 | | |
| Andrei Sakharov | 1921-1989 | | |
| Abdus Salam | 1926-1996 | | |
| Jonas Salk | 1914-1995 | | |
| Aziz Sancar | 1946- | | |
| Frederick Sanger | 1918-2013 | | |
| Alberto Santos-Dumont | 1873-1932 | | |
| Adolphe Sax | 1814-1894 | | |
| Arthur Leonard Schawlow | 1921-1999 | | |
| Carl Wilhelm Scheele | 1742-1786 | | |
| Heinrich Schliemann | 1822-1890 | | |
| Brian Schmidt | 1967- | | |
| John Robert Schrieffer | 1931-2019 | | |
| Erwin Schrödinger | 1887-1961 | | |
| Theodor Schwann | 1810-1882 | | |
| Melvin Schwartz | 1932-2006 | | |
| Julian Schwinger | 1918-1994 | | |
| Glenn T. Seaborg | 1912-1999 | | |
| Emilio G. Segrè | 1905-1989 | | |
| Adolf Seilacher | 1925-2014 | | |
| Ignaz Semmelweis | 1818-1865 | | |
| Nikolay Semyonov | 1896-1986 | | |
| Alois Senefelder | 1771-1834 | | |
| Claude Shannon | 1916-2001 | | |
| Dan Shechtman | 1941- | | |
| William Shockley | 1910-1989 | | |
| Frank Shuman | 1862-1918 | | |
| Kai Siegbahn | 1918-2007 | | |
| Manne Siegbahn | 1886-1978 | | |
| Werner von Siemens | 1816-1892 | | |
| Igor Sikorsky | 1889-1972 | | |
| Isaac Singer | 1811-1875 | | |
| Henrik Sjögren | 1899-1986 | | |
| Vesto Slipher | 1875-1969 | | |
| George E. Smith | 1930- | | |
| Horace Smith | 1808-1893 | | |
| George Smoot | 1945- | | |
| Willebrord Snellius | 1580-1626 | (Snel van Royen) | |
| John Snow | 1813-1858 | | |
| Frederick Soddy | 1877-1956 | | |
| Arnold Sommerfeld | 1868-1951 | | |
| Wendell Meredith Stanley | 1904-1971 | | |
| Johannes Stark | 1874-1957 | | |
| Hermann Staudinger | 1881-1965 | | |
| Nicolas Steno | 1638-1686 | (Steensen) | |
| George Stephenson | 1781-1848 | | |
| Otto Stern | 1888-1969 | | |
| Horst Ludwig Störmer | 1949- | | |
| Adolph Strecker | 1822-1871 | | |
| Donna Strickland | 1959- | | |
| Bengt Strömgren | 1908-1987 | | |
| Almon Brown Strowger | 1839-1902 | | |
| John Strutt, Lord Rayleigh | 1842-1919 | | |
| Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar | 1910-1995 | | |
| James B. Sumner | 1887-1955 | | |
| Ivan Supek | 1915-2007 | | |
| Theodor Svedberg | 1884-1971 | | |
| Albert Szent-Györgyi | 1893-1986 | | |
| Henry Fox Talbot | 1800-1877 | | |
| Igor Tamm | 1895-1971 | | |
| Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. | 1941- | | |
| Richard E. Taylor | 1929-2018 | | |
| Edward Teller | 1908-2003 | | |
| Nikola Tesla | 1856-1943 | | |
| Marie Tharp | 1920-2006 | | |
| Benjamin Thompson | 1753-1814 | | |
| Ken Thompson | 1943- | | |
| George Paget Thomson | 1892-1975 | | |
| J. J. Thomson | 1856-1940 | | |
| William Thomson | 1824-1907 | (Kelvin) | |
| Gerard 't Hooft | 1946- | | |
| Kip Thorne | 1940- | | |
| David J. Thouless | 1934-2019 | | |
| Samuel C. C. Ting | 1936- | | |
| Arne Tiselius | 1902-1971 | | |
| Clyde Tombaugh | 1906-1997 | | |
| Tomonaga Shin'ichirō | 1906-1979 | | |
| Evangelista Torricelli | 1608-1647 | | |
| Linus Torvalds | 1969- | | |
| Charles H. Townes | 1915-2015 | | |
| Richard Trevithick | 1771-1833 | | |
| Konstantin Tsiolkovsky | 1857-1935 | | |
| Tu Youyou | 1930- | | |
| Edward Burnett Tylor | 1832-1917 | | |
| Neil deGrasse Tyson | 1958- | | |
| Ulugh Beg | 1394-1449 | (Taraghay) | |
| Harold Urey | 1893-1981 | | |
| Antonio Maria Valsalva | 1666-1723 | | |
| Simon van der Meer | 1925-2011 | | |
| Johannes Diderik van der Waals | 1837-1923 | | |
| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | 1632-1723 | | |
| Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | 1852-1911 | | |
| John Hasbrouck Van Vleck | 1899-1980 | | |
| Martinus J. G. Veltman | 1931-2021 | | |
| Andreas Vesalius | 1514-1564 | (van Wezel) | |
| Rudolf Virchow | 1821-1902 | | |
| Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | 1895-1973 | | |
| Alessandro Volta | 1745-1827 | | |
| Adolf von Baeyer | 1835-1917 | (Baeyer) | |
| Emil von Behring | 1854-1917 | (Behring) | |
| Wernher von Braun | 1912-1977 | | |
| Joseph von Fraunhofer | 1787-1826 | | |
| Karl von Frisch | 1886-1982 | | |
| Otto von Guericke | 1602-1686 | | |
| Klaus von Klitzing | 1943- | | |
| Adolf von Strümpell | 1853-1925 | (Strümpell) | |
| Erik Adolf von Willebrand | 1870-1949 | | |
| Ferdinand von Zeppelin | 1838-1917 | | |
| Selman Waksman | 1888-1973 | | |
| Alfred Russel Wallace | 1823-1913 | | |
| Otto Wallach | 1847-1931 | | |
| Ernest Walton | 1903-1995 | | |
| James Watson | 1928- | | |
| James Watt | 1736-1819 | | |
| Wilhelm Eduard Weber | 1804-1891 | | |
| Alfred Wegener | 1880-1930 | | |
| Steven Weinberg | 1933-2021 | | |
| Chaim Weizmann | 1874-1952 | (Vaytsman) | |
| Alfred Werner | 1866-1919 | | |
| Daniel B. Wesson | 1825-1906 | | |
| George Westinghouse | 1846-1914 | | |
| Sarah Frances Whiting | 1847-1927 | | |
| Eli Whitney | 1765-1825 | | |
| Carl Wieman | 1951- | | |
| Wilhelm Wien | 1864-1928 | | |
| Eugene Wigner | 1902-1995 | | |
| Frank Wilczek | 1951- | | |
| Maurice Wilkins | 1916-2004 | | |
| Richard Willstätter | 1872-1942 | | |
| Charles Thomson Rees Wilson | 1869-1959 | | |
| Kenneth G. Wilson | 1936-2013 | | |
| Olin Chaddock Wilson | 1909-1994 | | |
| Robert Woodrow Wilson | 1936- | | |
| Adolf Windaus | 1876-1959 | | |
| David Jeffrey Wineland | 1944- | | |
| Edward Witten | 1951- | | |
| Friedrich Wöhler | 1800-1882 | | |
| William Hyde Wollaston | 1766-1828 | | |
| Robert Burns Woodward | 1917-1979 | | |
| Steve Wozniak | 1950- | | |
| Orville Wright | 1871-1948 | | |
| Wilbur Wright | 1867-1912 | | |
| Rosalyn Yalow | 1921-2011 | (Sussman) | |
| Yang Chen-Ning | 1922- | | |
| Ada Yonath | 1939- | | |
| Thomas Young | 1773-1829 | | |
| Yukawa Hideki | 1907-1981 | | |
| Pieter Zeeman | 1865-1943 | | |
| Frits Zernike | 1888-1966 | | |
| Ahmed Zewail | 1946-2016 | | |
| Karl Ziegler | 1898-1973 | | |
| Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | 1865-1929 | | |
| Harald zur Hausen | 1936-2023 | | |
| Konrad Zuse | 1910-1995 | | |
| Fritz Zwicky | 1898-1974 | |