Máselník m Czech (Rare)Referred to one who churned or sold butter or buttermilk, derived from Czech
máslo "butter".
Metaxas m GreekDerived from Greek
μέταξα (metaxa) meaning
"silk", referring to a silk merchant or another occupation dealing with silk.
Michalski m PolishHabitational name for a person from a village named
Michale or
Michały, both derived from the given name
Michał.
Moravec m CzechOriginally indicated a person from Moravia (Czech
Morava).
Musil m CzechPossibly from a nickname meaning
"the one who had to", from the past participle of the Czech verb
muset meaning "must" (of Germanic origin).
Myška m CzechFrom a nickname derived from Czech
myš meaning
"mouse".
Nagy u & m Hungarian, SlovakFrom a nickname meaning
"big, great" in Hungarian, referring to one's characteristics. This is the most common Hungarian surname.
Navrátil m CzechMeans
"returned" in Czech, from the verb
navrátit "to return", perhaps used to denote a person who came home following a long absence.
Novosad m CzechFrom place names meaning
"new orchard" in Czech.
Nowakowski m PolishHabitational name for a person from various towns called
Nowakowo or similar, derived from Polish
nowy meaning "new".
Nowicki m PolishHabitational name for a person from any of the towns in Poland called
Nowice. The name is derived from Polish
nowy meaning "new".
Olszewski m PolishOriginally denoted someone who lived near an alder tree, from Polish
olsza meaning
"alder tree".
Papoutsis m GreekMeans
"shoemaker" in Greek, from
παπούτσι (papoutsi) meaning "shoe" (ultimately of Persian origin).
Pavlov m Russian, BulgarianMeans
"son of Pavel". A famous bearer of this surname was the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), known for his discovery of the conditioned reflex.
Pawłowski m PolishHabitational name for someone from a town named
Pawłowo, derived from the given name
Paweł.
Piotrowski m PolishHabitational name for a person from towns named
Piotrów,
Piotrowo or
Piotrowice, all derived from the given name
Piotr.
Podsedník m CzechMeans
"one who sits behind" in Czech, an equivalent to
Zahradník mainly used in the region of Moravia.
Pololáník m CzechDerived from Czech
polo "one half" and
lán, a medieval Czech measure of land (approximately 18 hectares). The name denoted someone who owned this much land.
Pospíšil m CzechNickname for a person in a hurry, from Czech
pospíšit "hurry".
Procházka m CzechMeans
"walk, wander, stroll" in Czech. This was an occupational name for a travelling tradesman.
Pulkrábek m CzechDerived from the Czech medieval title
purkrabí, itself from German
Burggraf, meaning
"burgrave".
Putin m RussianFrom Russian
путь (put) meaning
"road, path". This surname is borne by the Russian president Vladimir Putin (1952-).
Rasputin m RussianFrom Russian
распутье (rasputye) meaning
"crossroads". A famous bearer was the Russian mystic Grigoriy Rasputin (1869-1916).
Romanov m RussianMeans
"son of Roman". This was the surname of the last dynasty of Russian tsars.
Rudawski m PolishIndicated a person who lived near the Rudawa, a river in Poland.
Ryba u & m Polish, CzechMeans
"fish" in Polish and Czech, an occupational name for a fisher.
Rybár m SlovakMeans
"fisher" in Slovak, from
ryba meaning "fish".
Sadowski m PolishDenoted someone who lived in Sadowo, Sadowice or other places beginning with Polish
sad "garden, orchard".
Ševčík m Czech, SlovakOccupational name derived from Czech and Slovak
švec meaning
"shoemaker, cobbler".
Skála m CzechMeans
"rock" in Czech, indicating that the original bearer lived near a prominent rock.
Skalický m Czech, SlovakIndicated the original bearer came from a place named
Skalice,
Skalica or
Skalička in the Czech Republic or Slovakia, derived from the Slavic root
skala meaning "rock".
Slezák m Czech, SlovakOriginally a name for a person from
Silesia, a historical region that is nowadays split between Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic.
Ślusarski m PolishOccupational name for a locksmith, from Polish
ślusarz, of Germanic origin.
Smirnov m RussianDerived from Russian
смирный (smirny) meaning "quiet, peaceful, timid". This is one of the most common surnames in Russia.
Śniegowski m PolishHabitational name for a person from Sniegow, Sniegowo or other places with a name derived from Polish
śnieg "snow".
Sokol m & u Slovak, Czech, JewishFrom Czech and Slovak
sokol meaning
"falcon", a nickname or an occupational name for a falconer. As a Jewish name it is ornamental.
Sokołowski m PolishUsually refers to the city of Sokołów Podlaski in Poland. It may sometimes be derived from Polish
sokół meaning "falcon".
Souček m CzechFrom Czech
suk meaning
"tree knot". This could either be a topographic name or a nickname for a stubborn person.
Soukup m CzechMeans
"co-buyer" in Czech, an occupational name for a merchant.
Spanos m GreekMeans
"hairless, beardless" in Greek, ultimately from
σπάνιος (spanios) meaning "scarce, rare".
Stárek m CzechFrom a nickname derived from Czech
starý meaning
"old".
Suchý m Czech, SlovakMeans
"dry" in Czech and Slovak. This was a nickname for a thin person.
Svoboda m CzechMeans
"freedom" in Czech. This was a medieval name for a freeman, someone who was not a serf.
Tesař m CzechMeans
"carpenter" in Czech, ultimately from the Old Slavic word
tesla meaning "adze".
Tomaszewski m PolishFrom the name of various Polish places called
Tomaszew or
Tomaszewo, derived from the given name
Tomasz.
Urbański m PolishHabitational name for a person from towns called
Urbanowo or
Urbanowice, derived from the given name
Urban.
Vinogradov m RussianMeans
"vineyard" in Russian (ultimately from German), referring to a person who worked at a vineyard or lived near one.
Vlachos m GreekMeans
"Romanian, Wallachian" in Greek, from Old Slavic
volxŭ "Romance-speaker" (of Germanic origin).
Vlasák m CzechDerived from Czech
vlas "hair", probably referring to a barber or a person who bought and sold hair.
Vrubel m CzechFrom a dialectal variant of Czech
vrabec "sparrow".
Wiśniewski m PolishFrom the name of various Polish towns called
Wiśniewo, derived from Polish
wiśnia meaning "sour cherry".
Witkowski m PolishFrom the name of various Polish places called
Witkowo,
Witków or
Witkowice, all derived from the given name
Witek.
Wolański m PolishDenoted a person who came from one of the places in Poland called
Wola or
Wolany, derived from the given name
Wolan meaning "to want".
Wyrzykowski m PolishPossibly from the Polish place name
Wyrzyki, of uncertain meaning, maybe "away from the river".
Żbikowski m PolishFrom Polish towns named
Żbikowice or
Żbików, which are derived from
żbik "wildcat".
Zdunowski m PolishDenoted a person from one of the various towns named
Zduny in Poland, which is derived from Polish
zdun meaning "potter". It can also be an occupational surname derived directly from
zdun.
Zeman m Czech, SlovakMeans
"landowner", ultimately from Old Slavic
zemľa meaning "land".
Zieliński m PolishFrom Polish
zieleń meaning
"green". It was possibly a nickname for a person who dressed in green clothing.
Zima m & u Czech, Slovak, Polish, RussianFrom an Old Slavic word meaning
"winter". This may have been a nickname for a person with a chilly personality.