Máselník m Czech (Rare)Referred to one who churned or sold butter or buttermilk, derived from Czech
máslo "butter".
Mazur PolishIndicated a person from either Mazovia (Polish
Mazowsze) or Masuria (Polish
Mazury), regions in Poland.
Melnyk UkrainianMeans
"miller" in Ukrainian. This is the most common Ukrainian surname.
Mencher PolishPossibly an occupational name derived from Polish
maczarz meaning
"miller".
Michalski m PolishHabitational name for a person from a village named
Michale or
Michały, both derived from the given name
Michał.
Mlakar Slovene, CroatianReferred to someone who lived near a pool, derived from South Slavic
mlaka meaning
"pool, puddle".
Moravec m CzechOriginally indicated a person from Moravia (Czech
Morava).
Moździerz PolishMeans
"mortar" in Polish. It probably referred to someone who worked with or sold mortar.
Musil m CzechPossibly from a nickname meaning
"the one who had to", from the past participle of the Czech verb
muset meaning "must" (of Germanic origin).
Myška m CzechFrom a nickname derived from Czech
myš meaning
"mouse".
Nagy u & m Hungarian, SlovakFrom a nickname meaning
"big, great" in Hungarian, referring to one's characteristics. This is the most common Hungarian surname.
Navrátil m CzechMeans
"returned" in Czech, from the verb
navrátit "to return", perhaps used to denote a person who came home following a long absence.
Niemczyk PolishFrom Polish
Niemiec meaning
"German" and the patronymic suffix
-czyk.
Novosad m CzechFrom place names meaning
"new orchard" in Czech.
Nowakowski m PolishHabitational name for a person from various towns called
Nowakowo or similar, derived from Polish
nowy meaning "new".
Nowicki m PolishHabitational name for a person from any of the towns in Poland called
Nowice. The name is derived from Polish
nowy meaning "new".
Olszewski m PolishOriginally denoted someone who lived near an alder tree, from Polish
olsza meaning
"alder tree".
Pasternak Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, YiddishMeans
"parsnip" in various Slavic languages, ultimately from Latin
pastinaca. A famous bearer was Boris Pasternak (1890-1960), author of
Doctor Zhivago.
Pavlov m Russian, BulgarianMeans
"son of Pavel". A famous bearer of this surname was the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), known for his discovery of the conditioned reflex.
Pawłowski m PolishHabitational name for someone from a town named
Pawłowo, derived from the given name
Paweł.
Piątek PolishMeans
"Friday" in Polish, derived from the word
piąty meaning "fifth".
Piotrowski m PolishHabitational name for a person from towns named
Piotrów,
Piotrowo or
Piotrowice, all derived from the given name
Piotr.
Pleško SloveneNickname for a bald person, from Slovene
pleša meaning
"bald patch".
Podsedník m CzechMeans
"one who sits behind" in Czech, an equivalent to
Zahradník mainly used in the region of Moravia.
Pololáník m CzechDerived from Czech
polo "one half" and
lán, a medieval Czech measure of land (approximately 18 hectares). The name denoted someone who owned this much land.
Pospíšil m CzechNickname for a person in a hurry, from Czech
pospíšit "hurry".
Procházka m CzechMeans
"walk, wander, stroll" in Czech. This was an occupational name for a travelling tradesman.
Pulkrábek m CzechDerived from the Czech medieval title
purkrabí, itself from German
Burggraf, meaning
"burgrave".
Putin m RussianFrom Russian
путь (put) meaning
"road, path". This surname is borne by the Russian president Vladimir Putin (1952-).
Rasputin m RussianFrom Russian
распутье (rasputye) meaning
"crossroads". A famous bearer was the Russian mystic Grigoriy Rasputin (1869-1916).
Romanov m RussianMeans
"son of Roman". This was the surname of the last dynasty of Russian tsars.
Rudawski m PolishIndicated a person who lived near the Rudawa, a river in Poland.
Ryba u & m Polish, CzechMeans
"fish" in Polish and Czech, an occupational name for a fisher.
Rybár m SlovakMeans
"fisher" in Slovak, from
ryba meaning "fish".
Sadowski m PolishDenoted someone who lived in Sadowo, Sadowice or other places beginning with Polish
sad "garden, orchard".
Šarić Croatian, SerbianPatronymic of (possibly) Serbo-Croatian
šaren meaning
"colourful, patterned".
Ševčík m Czech, SlovakOccupational name derived from Czech and Slovak
švec meaning
"shoemaker, cobbler".
Sienkiewicz PolishPatronymic from the given name
Sienko, an old diminutive of
Szymon. This was the surname of the Polish writer Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846-1916).
Sitko PolishMeans
"fine sieve" in Polish, a diminutive of the Polish word
sito "sieve".
Skála m CzechMeans
"rock" in Czech, indicating that the original bearer lived near a prominent rock.
Skalický m Czech, SlovakIndicated the original bearer came from a place named
Skalice,
Skalica or
Skalička in the Czech Republic or Slovakia, derived from the Slavic root
skala meaning "rock".
Slezák m Czech, SlovakOriginally a name for a person from
Silesia, a historical region that is nowadays split between Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic.
Ślusarski m PolishOccupational name for a locksmith, from Polish
ślusarz, of Germanic origin.
Smirnov m RussianDerived from Russian
смирный (smirny) meaning "quiet, peaceful, timid". This is one of the most common surnames in Russia.
Smolak PolishOccupational name for a distiller of pitch, derived from the Old Slavic word
smola meaning
"pitch, resin".