BreenIrish Anglicized form of Irish Ó Braoin meaning "descendant of Braon", a byname meaning "rain, moisture, drop".
BurkeEnglish, Irish Derived from Middle English burgh meaning "fortress, fortification, castle". It was brought to Ireland in the 12th century by the Norman invader William de Burgh.
BurtonEnglish From a common English place name, derived from Old English meaning "fortified town".
DunbarScottish From the name of a town in East Lothian, Scotland, derived from Gaelic dùn meaning "fort" and barr meaning "summit", so called from its situation on a rock that projects into the sea.
FlanaganIrish From Irish Ó Flannagáin meaning "descendant of Flannagán". Flannagán is a given name meaning "blood red". From County Roscommon in Ireland, it has many other spellings.
FletcherEnglish Occupational name for a fletcher, someone who attached feathers to the shaft of an arrow. It is derived from Old French fleche meaning "arrow".
FordEnglish Name given to someone who lived by a ford, possibly the official who maintained it. A famous bearer was the American industrialist Henry Ford (1863-1947).
FranklinEnglish Derived from Middle English frankelin meaning "freeman". It denoted a landowner of free but not noble birth, from Old French franc meaning "free". Famous bearers include American statesman Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) and American singer Aretha Franklin (1942-2018).
FraserScottish Meaning unknown, originally Norman French de Fresel, possibly from a lost place name in France.
MadisonEnglish Means "son of Maud". A famous bearer of this surname was the fourth American president James Madison (1751-1836).
MannGerman, English From a nickname meaning "man". This may have originally been given in order to distinguish the bearer from a younger person with the same name.
MarshallEnglish Derived from Middle English mareschal"marshal", from Latin mariscalcus, ultimately from Germanic roots akin to Old High German marah "horse" and scalc "servant". It originally referred to someone who took care of horses.
McDermottIrish Anglicized form of Irish Mac Diarmada meaning "son of Diarmaid". The McDermotts were nobility in the Kingdom of Connaught, a province in Ireland.
McGillIrish, Scottish Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac an Ghoill meaning "son of the foreigner", derived from gall "foreigner".
MontgomeryEnglish, Scottish From a place name in Calvados, France meaning "Gumarich's mountain". A notable bearer was Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976), a British army commander during World War II.
MoralesSpanish Derived from Spanish moral meaning "mulberry tree", of Latin origin.
MuirScottish Scots form of Moore 1. This name was borne by the Scottish-American naturalist John Muir (1838-1914).
MuñozSpanish Patronymic derived from the medieval Spanish given name Muño, from Latin Munnius, possibly of Germanic origin.
RichterGerman Means "judge" in German, from Middle High German rihtære.
RossEnglish, Scottish From various place names (such as the region of Ross in northern Scotland), which are derived from Scottish Gaelic ros meaning "promontory, headland".
StewartScottish Occupational name for an administrative official of an estate or steward, from Old English stig "house" and weard "guard". The Stewart family (sometimes spelled Stuart) held the Scottish crown for several centuries. One of the most famous members of the Stewart family was Mary, Queen of Scots.
SuzukiJapanese From Japanese 鈴 (suzu) meaning "bell" and 木 (ki) meaning "tree, wood". This is the second most common surname in Japan. A notable bearer was the artist Suzuki Harunobu (1725-1770).
SzékelyHungarian Denoted a person of Székely ancestry. The Székelys are a population of Hungarians who live in central Romania.
TakedaJapanese From Japanese 武 (take) meaning "military, martial" and 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy".
TanakaJapanese Means "dweller in the rice fields", from Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy" and 中 (naka) meaning "middle".
TannerEnglish Occupational name for a person who tanned animal hides, from Old English tannian "to tan", itself from Late Latin and possibly ultimately of Celtic origin.
ThorpeEnglish From Old Norse þorp meaning "village".
TroyEnglish Originally denoted a person from the city of Troyes in France.
VogelGerman, Dutch From Old High German and Old Dutch fogal meaning "bird". It was originally an occupational name for a bird catcher, or a nickname for a person who liked to sing.
WatsonEnglish, Scottish Patronymic derived from the Middle English given name Wat or Watt, a diminutive of the name Walter.
WickhamEnglish From any of various towns by this name in England, notably in Hampshire. They are derived from Old English wic "village, town" (of Latin origin) and ham "home, settlement".
Xu 1Chinese From Chinese 徐 (xú) referring to the ancient state of Xu, which existed to the 6th century BC in what is now Jiangsu and Anhui. The character 徐 means "slowly, calmly".
ZhangChinese From Chinese 张 (zhāng) meaning "stretch, extend". It may have denoted a bowmaker whose job it was to stretch bow wood.
ZhouChinese From Chinese 周 (zhōu) referring to the Zhou dynasty, which held power from 1046 to 771 BC, continuing for a few more centuries as figureheads.