Browse Surnames

This is a list of surnames in which the number of syllables is more than 3.
usage
Abdulrashid Arabic
Derived from the given name Abd ar-Rashid.
Adriatico Italian
Originally denoted a person who lived near the Adriatic sea.
Agnellini Italian
From a diminutive of Agnelli.
Akabane Japanese
From Japanese (aka) meaning "red" and (hane) meaning "feather".
Akamatsu Japanese
From Japanese (aka) meaning "red" and (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree".
Akiyama Japanese
From Japanese (aki) meaning "autumn" and (yama) meaning "mountain, hill".
Alekseev m Russian
Alternate transcription of Russian Алексеев (see Alekseyev).
Alekseyev m Russian
Means "son of Aleksey".
Alemagna Italian
From Alemannia, the Latin name for Germany.
Alexander English
Derived from the given name Alexander.
Alexiou Greek
Means "son of Alexios".
Al-Ghazzawi Arabic
Originally indicated a person who came from Gaza in Palestine.
Alinejad Persian
Means "descendant of Ali 1" in Persian.
Amatore Italian
From the given name Amatore.
Anastasiou Greek
Means "son of Anastasios".
Andrzejewska f Polish
Feminine form of Andrzejewski.
Andrzejewski m Polish
Habitational name for a person from towns called Andrzejewo or similar, derived from the given name Andrzej.
Antonescu Romanian
Means "son of Anton".
Antonino Italian
Derived from the given name Antonino.
Aoyama Japanese
From Japanese (ao) meaning "green, blue" and (yama) meaning "mountain, hill".
Asanuma Japanese
From Japanese (asa) meaning "shallow" and (numa) meaning "swamp, marsh".
Athanasiou Greek
Means "son of Athanasios".
Bartolomeo Italian
Derived from the given name Bartolomeo.
Berlusconi Italian
Probably from the Milanese word berlusch meaning "cross-eyed, crooked".
Bogomolov m Russian
Derived from Russian богомол (bogomol) meaning "pious one, devotionalist".
Bonaventura Italian
From the given name Bonaventura.
Caballero Spanish
From a nickname derived from Spanish caballero meaning "knight", a cognate of Chevalier.
Calligaris Italian
From Late Latin caligarius meaning "shoemaker".
Csizmadia Hungarian
Means "bootmaker" in Hungarian.
D'Agostino Italian
From the given name Agostino.
Dumitrescu Romanian
Means "son of Dumitru".
Economou Greek
Alternate transcription of Greek Οικονόμου (see Oikonomou).
Espinosa Spanish
From Spanish espinoso meaning "thorny", ultimately from Latin spinosus, a derivative of spina meaning "thorn, spine". This was the real surname of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677), who was of Portuguese Jewish origin.
Esposito Italian
Means "exposed" in Italian and denoted a child who was rescued after being abandoned by its parents.
Evangelista Italian, Portuguese, Spanish
Means "evangelist" in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish.
Expósito Spanish
Spanish cognate of Esposito.
Feliciano Portuguese, Spanish
From the given name Feliciano.
Fortunato Italian
From the given name Fortunato.
Fujimori Japanese
From Japanese (fuji) meaning "wisteria" and (mori) meaning "forest".
Fujimoto Japanese
From Japanese (fuji) meaning "wisteria" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Fujimura Japanese
From Japanese (fuji) meaning "wisteria" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Fujioka Japanese
From Japanese (fuji) meaning "wisteria" and (oka) meaning "hill, ridge".
Fujisawa Japanese
From Japanese (fuji) meaning "wisteria" and 沢 or 澤 (sawa) meaning "marsh".
Fujiwara Japanese
From Japanese (fuji) meaning "wisteria" and (wara) meaning "field, plain".
Fukuzawa Japanese
From Japanese (fuku) meaning "happiness, good fortune, blessing" and 沢 or 澤 (sawa) meaning "marsh".
Furukawa Japanese
From Japanese (furu) meaning "old" and (kawa) or (kawa) both meaning "river, stream".
Galilei Italian (Rare)
From the given name Galileo. A notable bearer was the Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642). Both his given name and surname were from an earlier 15th-century ancestor (a doctor).
Georgiadis m Greek
Means "son of Georgios" in Greek.
Georgiou Greek
Means "son of Georgios".
Hagihara Japanese
From Japanese (hagi) meaning "bush clover" and (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Hamaguchi Japanese
From Japanese (hama) meaning "beach, seashore" and (kuchi) meaning "mouth, entrance".
Hämäläinen Finnish
Derived from the region in southern Finland known as Häme, also called Tavastia.
Hamasaki Japanese
From Japanese (hama) meaning "beach, seashore" and (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Haraguchi Japanese
From Japanese (hara) meaning "field, plain" and (kuchi) meaning "mouth, entrance".
Harutyunyan Armenian
Means "son of Harutyun" in Armenian.
Hasegawa Japanese
From the Japanese place name 長谷 (Hase, not a standard reading) combined with (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Hashiguchi Japanese
From Japanese (hashi) meaning "bridge" and (kuchi) meaning "mouth, entrance".
Hashimoto Japanese
From Japanese (hashi) meaning "bridge" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Hayasaka Japanese
From Japanese (haya) meaning "already, now" and 坂 or 阪 (saka) meaning "slope".
Hiramatsu Japanese
From Japanese (hira) meaning "level, even, peaceful" and (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree".
Hisakawa Japanese
From Japanese (hisa) meaning "long time ago" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Hovhannisyan Armenian
Means "son of Hovhannes" in Armenian.
Igarashi Japanese
From Japanese 五十 (i) meaning "fifty", an unwritten subject marker (ga), and (arashi) meaning "storm".
Ikonomou Greek
Alternate transcription of Greek Οικονόμου (see Oikonomou).
Ioannidis m Greek
Means "son of Ioannis" in Greek.
Ioannou Greek
Means "son of Ioannis".
Ionescu Romanian
Means "son of Ion 1" in Romanian.
Ishikawa Japanese
From Japanese (ishi) meaning "stone" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Ivanović Serbian, Croatian
Means "son of Ivan".
Iwamoto Japanese
From Japanese (iwa) meaning "cliff, rocks" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Iwasaki Japanese
From Japanese (iwa) meaning "cliff, rocks" and (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Jughashvili Georgian (Rare)
Meaning uncertain. One theory suggests Ossetian roots with the meaning "son of the herder", derived from Ossetian дзуг (dzug) meaning "herd, flock, troop". Alternately, it could be derived from the name of the village of ჯუღაანი (Jughaani) in eastern Georgia. The most notable bearer was Joseph Stalin (1878-1953), born Ioseb Jughashvili, a leader of the Soviet Union.
Kanemaru Japanese
From Japanese (kane) meaning "gold, metal, money" and (maru) meaning "circle, round, whole".
Kapanadze Georgian
Means "son of the one from Kapan", originally denoting someone who came from the city of Kapan in present-day Armenia (from Armenian կապել (kapel) meaning "to tie, to fasten").
Karagiannis m Greek
From the Greek prefix καρα (kara) meaning "black, dark" (of Turkish origin) and the given name Giannis.
Karjalainen Finnish
Derived from Finnish Karjala meaning "Karelia". Karelia is an area on the border between Finland and Russia.
Kawaguchi Japanese
Means "mouth of the river", from Japanese (kawa) meaning "river, stream" and (kuchi) meaning "mouth, entrance".
Kawakami Japanese
From Japanese (kawa) meaning "river, stream" and (kami) meaning "above, top, upper".
Kawasaki Japanese
From Japanese (kawa) meaning "river, stream" and (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Kishimoto Japanese
From Japanese (kishi) meaning "beach, shore, bank" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Kitagawa Japanese
From Japanese (kita) meaning "north" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream". A famous bearer was the artist and printmaker Kitagawa Utamaro (1753-1806).
Kobayashi Japanese
From Japanese (ko) meaning "small" and (hayashi) meaning "forest".
Koizumi Japanese
From Japanese (ko) meaning "small" and (izumi) meaning "spring, fountain". A notable bearer of this name is Junichiro Koizumi (1942-), who was Prime Minister of Japan.
Konstantinidis m Greek
Means "son of Konstantinos" in Greek.
Kumagai Japanese
From Japanese (kuma) meaning "bear" and (gai) meaning "valley".
Kumamoto Japanese
From Japanese (kuma) meaning "bear" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Kuroiwa Japanese
From Japanese (kuro) meaning "black" and (iwa) meaning "cliff, rocks".
Kurosawa Japanese
From Japanese (kuro) meaning "black" and 沢 or 澤 (sawa) meaning "marsh". A notable bearer was Akira Kurosawa (1910-1998), a Japanese film director.
Kusumoto Japanese
From Japanese (kusu) meaning "camphor tree" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Leonardi Italian
From the given name Leonardo.
Lewandowska f Polish
Feminine form of Lewandowski.
Lewandowski m Polish
From the Polish estate name Lewandów, which is itself possibly derived from a personal name or from lawenda "lavender".
Mac an Fleisdeir Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic form of Lister.
Mac Dhuibhshíthe Irish
Means "son of Duibhshíth" in Irish. The given name Duibhshíth means "black peace".
MacFhionnlaigh Scottish Gaelic
Means "son of Fionnlagh" in Scottish Gaelic.
Mac Giolla Bhrighde Irish
Means "son of the servant of Brighid" in Irish.
Mac Giolla Dhuibh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Kilduff.
Mac Giolla Eoin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of McLean.
Mac Mathghamhna Irish
Irish Gaelic form of McMahon.
Mac Uileagóid Irish
Irish Gaelic form of McElligott.
Maekawa Japanese
From Japanese (mae) meaning "front, forward" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Mag Shamhradháin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of McGovern.
Maldonado Spanish
From a nickname meaning "badly given, ill-favoured" in Spanish.
Martikainen Finnish
From a diminutive of the given name Martti.
Matsubara Japanese
From Japanese (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree" and (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Matsumoto Japanese
From one of the many places with this name in Japan, derived from Japanese (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Matsumura Japanese
From Japanese (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Matsuoka Japanese
From Japanese (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree" and (oka) meaning "hill, ridge".
Matsushita Japanese
From Japanese (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree" and (shita) meaning "under, below".
Mikaelsson Swedish
Means "son of Mikael".
Milošević Serbian
Means "son of Miloš".
Miyagawa Japanese
From Japanese (miya) meaning "temple, shrine, palace" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Miyajima Japanese
From Japanese (miya) meaning "temple, shrine, palace" and (shima) meaning "island".
Miyamoto Japanese
From Japanese (miya) meaning "temple, shrine, palace" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin". A notable bearer is video game pioneer Shigeru Miyamoto (1952-).
Miyashita Japanese
From Japanese (miya) meaning "temple, shrine, palace" and (shita) meaning "under, below".
Miyazaki Japanese
From Japanese (miya) meaning "temple, shrine, palace" and (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Mizushima Japanese
From Japanese (mizu) meaning "water" and (shima) meaning "island".
Mizutani Japanese
From Japanese (mizu) meaning "water" and (tani) meaning "valley".
Mochizuki Japanese
Means "full moon" in Japanese, a compound of (mochi) meaning "wish, desire" and (tsuki) meaning "moon".
Mohammadi Persian
From the given name Mohammad.
Montgomery English, Scottish
From a place name in Calvados, France meaning "Gumarich's mountain". A notable bearer was Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976), a British army commander during World War II.
Morikawa Japanese
From Japanese (mori) meaning "forest" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Morimoto Japanese
From Japanese (mori) meaning "forest" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Morishita Japanese
From Japanese (mori) meaning "forest" and (shita) meaning "under, below".
Moriyama Japanese
From Japanese (mori) meaning "forest" and (yama) meaning "mountain, hill".
Mussolini Italian
From Italian mussolina meaning "muslin", a type of cloth, itself derived from the city of Mosul in Iraq. This name was borne by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini (1883-1945).
Nagasawa Japanese
From Japanese (naga) meaning "long" and 沢 or 澤 (sawa) meaning "marsh".
Nakabayashi Japanese
From Japanese (naka) meaning "middle" and (hayashi) meaning "forest".
Nakagawa Japanese
From Japanese (naka) meaning "middle" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Nakahara Japanese
From Japanese (naka) meaning "middle" and (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Nakajima Japanese
From Japanese (naka) meaning "middle" and (shima) meaning "island".
Nakamura Japanese
From Japanese (naka) meaning "middle" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Nicodemo Italian
Derived from the given name Nicodemo.
Nicolaou Greek
Alternate transcription of Greek Νικολάου (see Nikolaou).
Nicotera Italian
From the name of the town of Nicotera in Calabria.
Nikolaev m Russian, Bulgarian
Alternate transcription of Russian Николаев (see Nikolayev), as well as the usual Bulgarian form.
Nikolaou Greek
Means "son of Nikolaos".
Nikolayev m Russian
Means "son of Nikolay".
Nishikawa Japanese
From Japanese 西 (nishi) meaning "west" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Nishimura Japanese
From Japanese 西 (nishi) meaning "west" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Nishitani Japanese
From Japanese 西 (nishi) meaning "west" and (tani) meaning "valley".
Nishiyama Japanese
From Japanese 西 (nishi) meaning "west" and (yama) meaning "mountain, hill".
Nováková f Czech, Slovak
Czech and Slovak feminine form of Novák.
Nowakowska f Polish
Feminine form of Nowakowski.
Nowakowski m Polish
Habitational name for a person from various towns called Nowakowo or similar, derived from Polish nowy meaning "new".
Ó Buachalla Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Buckley 2.
Ó Caiside Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Cassidy.
Ó Caoindealbháin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Quinlan.
Ó Cathasaigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Casey.
Ó Ceallacháin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Callahan.
Ó Cearmada Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Carmody.
Ó Ceithearnaigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Kearney.
Ó Cinnéidigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Kennedy.
Ó Conghalaigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Connolly.
Ó Corraidhín Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Curran.
Ó Cuidighthigh Irish
Means "descendant of Cuidightheach" in Irish.
Ó Díomasaigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Dempsey.
Ó Doibhilin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Devlin.
Ó Donndubháin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Donovan.
Ó Donnghaile Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Donnelly.
Ó Dubhshláine Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Delaney 2.
Ó Fearghail Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Farrell.
Ó Fionnagáin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Finnegan.
Ó Flannagáin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Flanagan.
Ó Gormáin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Gorman 2.
Ó hAllmhuráin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Halloran.
Ó hAnnagáin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of O'Hannagain.
Ó hEachthighearna Irish
Means "descendant of Echthigern" in Irish.
Ó hEidirsceóil Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Driscoll.
Ó hIfearnáin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Heffernan.
Oikonomou Greek
Derived from Greek οικονόμος (ikonomos) meaning "housekeeper, steward".
Okamoto Japanese
From Japanese (oka) meaning "hill, ridge" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Okamura Japanese
From Japanese (oka) meaning "hill, ridge" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Okazaki Japanese
From Japanese (oka) meaning "hill, ridge" and (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Okumura Japanese
From Japanese (oku) meaning "inside" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Ó Madaidhín Irish
Means "descendant of Madaihín", a given name derived from Irish madadh meaning "dog, mastiff".
Ó Manacháin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Monahan.
Ó Maol Dhomhnaigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Moloney.
Ó Maolmhuaidh Irish
Means "descendant of Maolmhuadh", Maolmhuadh being a given name meaning "proud chief", derived from Gaelic maol meaning "chief" and muadh meaning "proud, noble".
Ó Mathghamhna Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Mahoney.
Ó Muircheartach Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Moriarty.
Ó Murchadha Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Murphy.
Ó Sirideáin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Sheridan.
Ó Súileabháin Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Sullivan.
Ó Tíghearnaigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Tierney.
Papadimitriou Greek
Means "son of Dimitrios the priest", from Greek πάπας (papas) combined with the given name Dimitrios.
Papadopoulos m Greek
Means "son of the priest", from Greek πάπας (papas) combined with the patronymic suffix πουλος (poulos).
Papadopoulou f Greek
Feminine form of Papadopoulos.
Papageorgiou Greek
Means "son of Georgios the priest", from Greek πάπας (papas) combined with the given name Georgios.
Papanikolaou Greek
Means "son of Nikolaos the priest", from Greek πάπας (papas) combined with the given name Nikolaos.
Pellegrino Italian
Means "pilgrim, traveller" in Italian, ultimately from Latin peregrinus.
Ruotsalainen Finnish
Means "Swede" in Finnish.
Sakamoto Japanese
From Japanese 坂 or 阪 (saka) meaning "slope" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Sakurada Japanese
From Japanese (sakura) meaning "cherry blossom" and (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy".
Salamanca Spanish
Originally indicated a person from Salamanca, a city in western Spain that is of unknown meaning.
Salvatici Italian
Italian form of Savage.
Santiago Spanish, Portuguese
From various Spanish and Portuguese places called Santiago.
Sepúlveda Spanish
Derived from the name of the Sepúlveda Valley in the mountains of Segovia, and was originally used to denote people from that region. It is possibly derived from Spanish sepultar "to bury".
Serizawa Japanese
From Japanese (seri) meaning "celery" and 沢 or 澤 (sawa) meaning "marsh".
Shimamura Japanese
From Japanese (shima) meaning "island" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Shinohara Japanese
From Japanese (shino) meaning "dwarf bamboo" and (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Shinozaki Japanese
From Japanese (shino) meaning "dwarf bamboo" and (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Shiraishi Japanese
From Japanese (shira) meaning "white" and (ishi) meaning "stone".
Shirakawa Japanese
From Japanese (shira) meaning "white" and (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Shiratori Japanese
From Japanese (shira) meaning "white" and (tori) meaning "bird".
Sokołowska f Polish
Feminine form of Sokołowski.
Sokołowski m Polish
Usually refers to the city of Sokołów Podlaski in Poland. It may sometimes be derived from Polish sokół meaning "falcon".
Sugimoto Japanese
From Japanese (sugi) meaning "cedar" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Sugimura Japanese
From Japanese (sugi) meaning "cedar" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Sugiura Japanese
From Japanese (sugi) meaning "cedar" and (ura) meaning "bay, inlet".
Sugiyama Japanese
From Japanese (sugi) meaning "cedar" and (yama) meaning "mountain, hill".
Tachibana Japanese
From Japanese (tachibana) meaning "orange, tangerine".
Takahashi Japanese
From Japanese (taka) meaning "tall, high" and (hashi) meaning "bridge".
Takenaka Japanese
Means "dweller amongst bamboo", from Japanese (take) meaning "bamboo" and (naka) meaning "middle".
Takeuchi Japanese
From Japanese (take) meaning "bamboo" and (uchi) meaning "inside".
Taniguchi Japanese
From Japanese (tani) meaning "valley" and (kuchi) meaning "mouth, entrance".
Tomaszewska f Polish
Feminine form of Tomaszewski.
Tomaszewski m Polish
From the name of various Polish places called Tomaszew or Tomaszewo, derived from the given name Tomasz.
Tomioka Japanese
From Japanese (tomi) meaning "wealth, abundance" and (oka) meaning "hill, ridge".
Tsiklauri Georgian
Meaning unknown.
Uchimura Japanese
From Japanese (uchi) meaning "inside" and (mura) meaning "town, village".
Uchiyama Japanese
From Japanese (uchi) meaning "inside" and (yama) meaning "mountain, hill".
Uehara Japanese
From Japanese (ue) meaning "above, top, upper" and (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Uesugi Japanese
From Japanese (ue) meaning "above, top, upper" and (sugi) meaning "cedar".
Ungaretti Italian
Diminutive of Ungaro.
Ungureanu Romanian
From Romanian ungur meaning "Hungarian".
Vasileiou Greek
Alternate transcription of Greek Βασιλείου (see Vasiliou).
Vasiliou Greek
Means "son of Vasilios".
Vassiliou Greek
Alternate transcription of Greek Βασιλείου (see Vasiliou).
Venäläinen Finnish
Means "Russian" in Finnish. This name was originally used by the ethnic Finns who lived on the Russian side of the border.
Ventimiglia Italian
From the name of the historical Italian city Ventimiglia, now near the French border, ultimately from Latin Albintimilium.
Villalobos Spanish
Habitational name for a person from the town of Villalobos, Spain, which is derived from Spanish villa "town" and lobo "wolf".
Villanueva Spanish
Originally denoted someone who came from one of the various Spanish towns by this name, derived from villa "town" and nueva "new".
Villaverde Spanish
Originally denoted a person from one of the various Spanish towns by this name, derived from villa "town" and verde "green".
Walentowicz Polish
Means "son of Walenty".
Watanabe Japanese
From Japanese (wata) meaning "cross, ferry" and (nabe) meaning "area, place".
Wojciechowski m Polish
From the given name Wojciech.
Wojewoda Polish
From the Polish title wojewoda meaning "governor, voivode" (originally meaning "warlord").
Xanthopoulos m Greek
Means "son of Xanthos".
Xanthopoulou f Greek
Feminine form of Xanthopoulos.
Yamagishi Japanese
From Japanese (yama) meaning "mountain" and (kishi) meaning "beach, shore, bank".
Yamaguchi Japanese
From Japanese (yama) meaning "mountain" and (kuchi) meaning "mouth, entrance". Olympic figure-skating champion Kristi Yamaguchi (1971-) bears this name.
Yamamoto Japanese
From Japanese (yama) meaning "mountain" and (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Yamashita Japanese
From Japanese (yama) meaning "mountain" and (shita) meaning "under, below".
Yamauchi Japanese
From Japanese (yama) meaning "mountain" and (uchi) meaning "inside".
Yamazaki Japanese
From Japanese (yama) meaning "mountain" and (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Yoshinaga Japanese
From Japanese (yoshi) meaning "good luck" and (naga) meaning "perpetual, eternal".
Yoshioka Japanese
From Japanese (yoshi) meaning "good luck" and (oka) meaning "hill, ridge".
Yukimura Japanese
From Japanese (yuki) meaning "snow" and (mura) meaning "town, village".