This is a list of surnames in which the categories include structures.
AbascalSpanish Means "priest's street" from Basque abas "priest" and kale "street".
AchthovenDutch Denoted a person from various towns in the Netherlands called Achthoven, which is derived from Dutch acht "eight" and hoven "farmsteads".
AinsleyScottish From a place name: either Annesley in Nottinghamshire or Ansley in Warwickshire. The place names themselves derive from Old English anne "alone, solitary" or ansetl "hermitage" and leah "woodland, clearing".
ArmisteadEnglish Means "hermitage", indicating a person who lived near one, from Middle English ermite "hermit" and stede "place".
AytonEnglish From the name of towns in Berwickshire and North Yorkshire. They are derived from Old English ea "river" or ieg "island" combined with tun "enclosure, yard, town".
BakhuizenDutch Means "bakery" from Dutch bak "bake" and huis "house", an occupational name for a baker.
BarnesEnglish Denoted a person who worked or lived in a barn. The word barn is derived from Old English bere "barley" and ærn "dwelling".
BeaufortFrench From various French place names derived from beau "beautiful" and fort "strong place, fortress".
BoltonEnglish From any of the many places in England called Bolton, derived from Old English bold "house" and tun "enclosure".
BordeFrench From Old French bord meaning "board, plank", derived from Frankish *bord. This name belonged to a person who lived in a house made of planks.
BowerEnglish From Old English bur meaning "dwelling, room".
BridgesEnglish Originally denoted a person who lived near a bridge, or who worked as a bridgekeeper, derived from Middle English brigge, Old English brycg.
BurkeEnglish, Irish Derived from Middle English burgh meaning "fortress, fortification, castle". It was brought to Ireland in the 12th century by the Norman invader William de Burgh.
CarlisleEnglish From the name of a city in northern England. The city was originally called by the Romans Luguvalium meaning "stronghold of Lugus". Later the Brythonic element ker "fort" was appended to the name of the city.
ChalupníkCzech Derived from Czech chalupa meaning "cottage". The name referred to a peasant farmer who owned a very small piece of land.
DebenhamEnglish Originally denoted a person from the town of Debenham in Suffolk, derived from the name of the River Deben (meaning "deep" in Old English) combined with ham meaning "home, settlement".
DufortFrench Means "from the fort", from French fort "stronghold".
DunbarScottish From the name of a town in East Lothian, Scotland, derived from Gaelic dùn meaning "fort" and barr meaning "summit", so called from its situation on a rock that projects into the sea.
EatonEnglish From any of the various English towns with this name, derived from Old English ea "river" and tun "enclosure, yard, town".
Ewart 2English From the name of an English town, derived from Old English ea "river" and worþ "enclosure".
FarnhamEnglish Indicated a person from any of the various towns named Farnham in England, notably in Surrey. Their names are from Old English fearn "fern" and ham "home, settlement" or ham "water meadow, enclosure".
FortierFrench Derived from Old French fort"stronghold", indicating a person who lived near or worked at such a place.
HamptonEnglish From the name of multiple towns in England, derived from Old English ham "home" or ham "water meadow, enclosure" and tun "enclosure, yard, town".
HouseEnglish Referred to a person who lived or worked in a house, as opposed to a smaller hut.
KilloughIrish Indicated a person who was from Killough (County Down, Northern Ireland) or Killough (Wicklow, Ireland). The place name Killough means "church on the lake", derived from the Irish cill "church" and loch "lake".
LaraSpanish From the name of a village in Burgos, Spain. It might be derived from Latin lar "household god, house, home".
LinnaFinnish Means "castle" in Finnish. A famous namesake is Väinö Linna (1920-1992), Finnish author of The Unknown Soldier.
MelsbachGerman From the name of a German town, possibly meaning "mill stream".
MiddletonEnglish Originally denoted a person who lived in one of the numerous English towns by this name, derived from Old English middel "middle" and tun "enclosure, yard, town".
MilburnEnglish Derived from various place names meaning "mill stream" in Old English.
MuraroItalian Occupational name for a wall builder, from Italian murare meaning "to wall up".
NicklebyLiterature Created by Charles Dickens for the title character in his novel Nicholas Nickleby (1839). He probably based it on Nicol, a medieval vernacular form of Nicholas, with the common English place name suffix -by, which is derived from Old Norse býr meaning "farm, settlement".
PlankGerman, English Means "plank", from Old French, itself from Late Latin planca. This could have referred to a person who lived by a plank bridge over a stream, someone who was thin, or a carpenter.
SappingtonEnglish Possibly from the city of Sapperton, England, derived from Old English sapere meaning "soap maker" and tun meaning "enclosure, yard, town".
SchindlerGerman Occupational name for a roof tiler, from Middle High German schindel "shingle". A famous bearer was Oskar Schindler (1908-1974), who saved over a thousand Polish Jews during World War II.
SolheimNorwegian From the name various of various villages in Norway, derived from Old Norse sól meaning "sun" and heimr meaning "home".
StathamEnglish From the name of a village in the English county of Cheshire, derived from Old English stæð meaning "wharf, landing place" and ham "home, settlement".
StengerGerman Occupational name for a post maker, from Old High German stanga"pole".
StetsonEnglish Possibly from the name of the village of Stidston in Devon, meaning "Stithweard's town".
StokeEnglish From the name of numerous places in England, derived from Old English stoc meaning "place, dwelling".
Van DammeFlemish Means "from Damme", the name of a town in Belgium, derived from Dutch dam meaning "dam". A famous bearer is the Belgian actor Jean-Claude Van Damme (1960-), who was born with the surname Van Varenberg.
VillalbaSpanish Denoted a person from one of the various Spanish places by this name. It is derived from Spanish villa "town" and alba "white".
VillalobosSpanish Habitational name for a person from the town of Villalobos, Spain, which is derived from Spanish villa "town" and lobo "wolf".
WallEnglish Originally denoted a person who lived near a prominent wall, from Old English weall.