BulgariItalian Originally denoted a person who came from Bulgaria, which is named after the Turkic tribe of the Bulgars, itself possibly from a Turkic root meaning "mixed".
CatalánSpanish Originally indicated a person who came from Catalonia, a region of eastern Spain.
De VriesDutch Means "the Frisian" in Dutch, referring to a person from Friesland.
EnglishEnglish Denoted a person who was of English heritage. It was used to distinguish people who lived in border areas (for example, near Wales or Scotland). It was also used to distinguish an Anglo-Saxon from a Norman.
FlemingEnglish Given to a person who was a Fleming, that is a person who was from Flanders in the Netherlands.
Frank 3German, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian Name for a person from Franconia in Germany, so called because it was settled by the Frankish people. A notable bearer was the German-Jewish diarist Anne Frank (1929-1945), a victim of the Holocaust.
FrankensteinGerman, Literature From any of the various minor places by this name in Germany, meaning "stone of the Franks" in German. It was used by the author Mary Shelley in her novel Frankenstein (1818) for the character of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist who creates a monster and brings it to life. The monster, nameless in the novel, is sometimes informally or erroneously called Frankenstein in modern speech.
FranzeseItalian From a nickname that indicated a person who came from France. It is typical of the area around Naples.
FrenchEnglish Originally denoted a French person, from Middle English Frensch, Old English Frencisc.
FriesGerman Denoted someone from Frisia, an area along the coastal region of the North Sea stretching from Netherlands to Germany.
HorvatCroatian, Slovene From Croatian and Slovene Hrvat meaning "Croat, person from Croatia".
HorváthumHungarian, Slovak Hungarian and Slovak form of Horvat. This is the second most common surname in Hungary and the most common surname in Slovakia (where is is typically borne by those of Hungarian ancestry).
KrajncSlovene Originally denoted a person from Carniola (Slovene Kranjska), a region that makes up a large part of central Slovenia.
LombardiItalian Originally indicated someone who came from the Lombardy region of northern Italy, which was named for the Lombards, a Germanic tribe who invaded in the 6th century. Their name is derived from the Old German roots lang "long" and bart "beard".
NormanEnglish Referred to a person who was originally from Scandinavia or Normandy. Even before the Norman Conquest, Scandinavians were settling the north and east of England. The Normans who participated in the Conquest were originally from Scandinavia, but had been living in Normandy, France for over a century and spoke French.
PuglieseItalian From an adjectival derivative of Puglia, from Latin Apulia, a region of southeast Italy containing the boot heel and some of the coastline of the Adriatic Sea. It is a regional name for someone from that region.
RáczHungarian Derived from Hungarian rác meaning "Rascian", a former name for Serbians who lived in the Habsburg Empire.
RainesEnglish Originally denoted a person from Rayne, Essex, England (possibly from an Old English word meaning "shelter") or from Rennes, Brittany, France (from the name of the Gaulish tribe of the Redones).