ChastainFrench From Old French castan"chestnut tree" (Latin castanea), a name for someone who lived near a particular chestnut tree, or possibly a nickname for someone with chestnut-coloured hair.
ChuChinese Alternate transcription of Chinese 朱 (see Zhu).
ClancyIrish From Irish Mac Fhlannchaidh meaning "descendant of Flannchadh". The given name Flannchadh means "red warrior".
CouchCornish From Cornish cough"red", indicating the original bearer had red hair.
EldSwedish From Old Norse eldr, modern Swedish eld, meaning "fire".
FlanaganIrish From Irish Ó Flannagáin meaning "descendant of Flannagán". Flannagán is a given name meaning "blood red". From County Roscommon in Ireland, it has many other spellings.
FlanneryIrish Anglicized form of Irish Ó Flannghaile meaning "descendant of Flannghal", a given name meaning "red valour".
FoxEnglish From the name of the animal. It was originally a nickname for a person with red hair or a crafty person.
FuchsGerman From Old High German fuhs meaning "fox". It was originally a nickname for a person with red hair.
Gough 1Welsh Nickname for a red-haired person, from Welsh coch"red".
HimuraJapanese From Japanese 緋 (hi) meaning "scarlet, dark red" and 村 (mura) meaning "town, village".
KokkinosmGreek From a nickname meaning "red" in Greek.
LerouxFrench Means "the red", from Old French ros "red". This was a nickname for a person with red hair.
LysenkoUkrainian From a nickname, either from Ukrainian лис (lys) meaning "fox" or лисий (lysy) meaning "bald".
Rose 1English, French, German, Jewish Means "rose" from Middle English, Old French and Middle High German rose, all from Latin rosa. All denote a person of a rosy complexion or a person who lived in an area abundant with roses. As a Jewish surname it is ornamental, from Yiddish רויז (roiz).
RossiItalian Derived from a nickname for a red-haired person, from Italian rosso, Latin russus meaning "red". This is the most common surname in Italy.
RothGerman, Jewish From Middle High German rot meaning "red". It was originally a nickname for a person with red hair.
RothenbergGerman, Jewish From Middle High German rot meaning "red" and berg meaning "mountain". As a Jewish name it may be ornamental.
RothschildJewish From Middle High German rot "red" and schilt "shield", or Yiddish רויט (roit) and שילד (shild). The famous Rothschild family of bankers took their name from a house with a red shield on it.
RousseauFrench Diminutive of Roux. A famous bearer was the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) whose ideas influenced the French Revolution.
RussellEnglish From a Norman French nickname that meant "little red one", perhaps originally describing a person with red hair.
ScarlettEnglish Denoted a person who sold or made clothes made of scarlet, a kind of cloth, possibly derived from Persian سقرلاط (saqrelāṭ).
TilkiTurkish From a nickname meaning "fox" in Turkish.
ToddEnglish Means "fox", derived from Middle English todde.
VörösHungarian Means "red" in Hungarian, referring to a person with red hair or face.
VossGerman From Middle Low German vos meaning "fox". It was originally a nickname for a clever person or a person with red hair.
WiśniewskimPolish From the name of various Polish towns called Wiśniewo, derived from Polish wiśnia meaning "sour cherry".
ZhuChinese From Chinese 朱 (zhū) meaning "vermilion red, cinnabar" and also referring to the ancient state of Zhu, which existed in what is now Shandong province. This was the surname of the emperors of the Ming dynasty.