the etymology and history of surnames
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| Aaron |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the given name Aaron. |
| Amos |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the given name Amos. |
| Amsel (1) |
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Usage: Jewish
|
| Derived from the given name Amsl, a variant of Anselm. |
| Avraham |
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Usage: Jewish
|
| Variant form of Abraham. |
| Bachman |
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Usage: Dutch, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "son of life" from the Hebrew ben chayim. |
| Baum |
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Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Means "a tree" in German. |
| Baumann |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From Middle High German buman meaning "farmer". |
| Berkovich |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "son of Berko" in Yiddish, derived from Hebrew Baruch. |
| Berkowicz |
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Usage: Jewish
|
| A variant spelling of Berkovich. |
| Berkowitz |
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Usage: Jewish
|
| A variant spelling of Berkovich. |
| Bieber |
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Usage: German, Jewish
|
| From Middle High German biber ‘beaver’, German Biber, or Yiddish biber, hence a nickname, possibly a nickname for a hard worker, or from some other fancied resemblance to the animal. In some cases the surname may be habitational, from a house or some other place named with this word. As a Jewish name it is largely ornamental. |
| Blum |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "flower" in German and Yiddish. |
| Blumenthal |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from German Blumen "flowers", thal "valley". |
| Blumstein |
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Usage: Jewish, German
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "flower stone" in German. |
| Böhmer |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Originally referred to a person who was from Bohemia (the western Czech Republic). |
| Briefman |
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Usage: Jewish
|
| Most likely means "brief man". Its origin can be traced back to Israel. |
| Chaikin |
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Usage: Jewish
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| Metronymic from Yiddish female personal name Khayke, a pet form of Khaye, meaning "life". |
| Cohen |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Hebrew for "priest". It usually denotes one of the priestly tribe of Levi. |
| David |
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Usage: English, French, Scottish, Jewish, Czech
Extra: Statistics |
| From the given name David. |
| Espinosa |
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Usage: Spanish, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the Spanish espinoso, meaning "thorny", ultimately from Latin spîna and spînosus, respectively meaning "spine" and "full of spines/spiny". Occasionally used as a Sephardic Jewish surname. |
| Ezra |
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Usage: Jewish
|
| From the given name Ezra. |
| Feigenbaum |
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Usage: German, Jewish
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| Means "a fig tree" in German. |
| Feld |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "field" in German. The name was originally given to someone who lived on land cleared of forest. |
| Feldt |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| A variant of Feld. |
| Fermi |
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Usage: Italian, Jewish
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| A locative surname coming from the town of Fermo in Marche region, not far from Rome. It is often a Jewish surname. A Jewish community was in Fermo in the past centuries. |
| Fisher |
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Usage: English, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Cognate of Fischer. |
| Gass |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Name for someone who lived on a street in a city, from German gasse. |
| Goldhirsch |
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Usage: Jewish
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| It means "golden stag" in Yiddish. |
| Greenberg |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Anglicized form of the German surname Grünberg, which is formed from the words grün "green" and Berg "mountain." This name indicated a person who lived on or near a forest-covered mountain. |
| Greenspan |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Anglicized form of German Grünspan which meant "verdigris". Verdigris is the green-blue substance that forms on copper. |
| Haber |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from German Haber "oats". This was an occupational name for one who grew or sold oats. |
| Harel |
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Usage: Jewish
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| Means in Hebrew "mountain of God". |
| Herschel |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Hirsch (1) or Hirsch (2). |
| Hershey |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the name Hirsh. |
| Hirsch (2) |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the given name Hirsh. |
| Hochberg |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "high hill" in German. |
| Horowitz |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the German name for Horovice, a town in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. |
| Jäger |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From Middle High German jeger(e) meaning "hunter". |
| Jordan (2) |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the name of the Jordan river in Israel, which is derived from yarad meaning "descend" or "flow down". |
| Kaminski |
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Usage: Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Name for someone who came from a town called Kamien. Kamien comes from the Slavic word kamiñ meaning "stone". |
| Kauffmann |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Kaufman. |
| Kaufman |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "merchant" in German. |
| Kleid |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Occupational name for a tailor, from German Kleid "garment, clothing". |
| Klein |
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Usage: German, Dutch, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "little" from German klein or Yiddish kleyn. A famous bearer of this name is clothes designer Calvin Klein. |
| Krakowski |
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Usage: Polish, Jewish
|
| Habitional name for a person of the city of Kraków in southern Poland. |
| Kramer |
|
Usage: German, Low German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Krämer. |
| Krantz |
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Usage: Jewish, German, Dutch
|
| A variant of Kranz. |
| Kravitz |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| An occupational name meaning "tailor" (from Polish krawiec). A famous bearer is singer Lenny Kravitz. |
| Landau |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the German town of Landau, which meant "land valley". |
| Langer |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| German form of Long. |
| Lehrer |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| German surname meaning "teacher". |
| Levi |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the Hebrew name Levi, which derives from the word yilaveh, meaning "praised". |
| Levine |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the given name Levi, which derives from the word yilaveh, "praised". |
| Lowe (1) |
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Usage: Jewish
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| A Germanized variant of Levi. |
| Luzzatto |
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Usage: Italian, Jewish
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| From Lusatia, a region of northern Germany from where a Jewish community came in about the 15th/16th century. |
| Maier |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Meyer (1). |
| Maksimov |
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Usage: Russian, Jewish, Bulgarian
|
| Means "son of Maksim". |
| Mandel |
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Usage: German, Jewish
|
| A variant of Mendel; also means "an almond" in German. |
| Mandelbaum |
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Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Means "an almond tree" in German. |
| Markovic |
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Usage: Russian, Jewish, Serbian
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| Means "son of Marko. |
| Matos |
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Usage: Portuguese, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "dweller by a plantation of trees" from the Old Spanish mata. Matos is also a name adopted by Jews of Portuguese and Spanish background. In 1589, Francisco Rodrigues de Matos was accused of being a Rabbi and convicted by the Inquisition, but it is doubtful that he was, in fact, a Rabbi. |
| Mayer (2) |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Comes from Hebrew meir which means "enlightened". |
| Meier |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Meyer (1). |
| Meir |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Mayer (2). |
| Mencher |
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Usage: Polish, Jewish
|
| Occupational surname for a miller or flour dealer (derived from Polish maczarz). |
| Mendel |
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Usage: Jewish, German
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the given name Mendel. |
| Mendelsohn |
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Usage: Jewish, German
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "son of Mendel". |
| Mendelssohn |
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Usage: Jewish, German
|
| Means "son of Mendel". |
| Meyer (2) |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Mayer (2). |
| Moses |
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Usage: Jewish, English
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the given name Moses. |
| Neuman |
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Usage: Jewish, German
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Neumann. |
| Novak |
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Usage: Czech, Polish, Slovak, Slovene, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from Slavic novy "new", originally a name for someone who was new to a village. |
| Nussbaum |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "nut tree" from the Germanic words nuß meaning "nut" and baum meaning "tree". |
| Nussenbaum |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Variant of Nussbaum. |
| Östberg |
|
Usage: Swedish, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "mountain (or hill) in the east" from Swedish öst "east" and berg "mountain", "hill". |
| Pascal |
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Usage: French, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the personal name Pascal. |
| Pasternack |
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Usage: Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| The name translates literally as "white turnip" or "parsnip". |
| Pasternak |
|
Usage: Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Pasternack. Famous bearer was Boris Pasternak, author of 'Doctor Zhivago'. |
| Pontecorvo |
|
Usage: Italian, Jewish
|
| From the name of a village near Rome, where an Israeli community settled centuries ago. |
| Prinz |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "prince", used as an ornamental surname by Jews or as a nickname for someone who acted in a 'princely' manner. |
| Rapp (2) |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "dark haired" or "raven-like". |
| Regenbogen |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| From the German word meaning "rainbow". |
| Reis |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Ornamental name from German Reis, meaning "twig" or "branch". |
| Reuter (1) |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "dweller in a clearing" or "clearer of woodland" from the Middle High German riute. |
| Reuter (2) |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "highwayman" from the Middle High German riutœre. |
| Riese |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "giant" from German Riese. |
| Rose (1) |
|
Usage: English, French, German, Scottish, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "rose" from the Middle English, Old French and Middle High German rose. All denote a person of a rosy complexion or a person who lived in a rosy area. Also found derived from the Yiddish royz which always referred to the flower. |
| Rosenberg |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "mountain of roses" in German. |
| Rosenberger |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Rosenberg. |
| Rosenfeld |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "field of roses" in German. |
| Rot |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Variant of Roth. |
| Roth |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From Middle High German rot meaning "red". It was originally a nickname for a person with red hair. |
| Rothenberg |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "red mountain" from the German rot meaning "red" and berg meaning "mountain". |
| Rothschild |
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Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "red shield, sign" from the German rot "red" and the German/Yiddish s(c)hild "sign, shield". The surname originally comes from one family who took their name from a house with a red shield or sign on it but since has been adopted by unrelated Jews. |
| Salomon |
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Usage: English, French, Venetian, German, Danish, Norwegian, Polish, Jewish, Hungarian
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the first name Salomon. |
| Samson |
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Usage: English, French, German, Jewish, Dutch
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the name Samson. |
| Samuel |
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Usage: English, French, German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the given name Samuel. |
| Scheinberg |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Means "lovely, beautiful mountain" from the German schön "fine, beautiful" and berg meaning "mountain". |
| Schenck |
|
Usage: German, Dutch, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From Middle High German, Middle Dutch schenke meaning "wine server" (from Old High German scenken "to pour out"). As a German name it also denotes a tavernkeeper. |
| Schindler |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "shingler, roof tiler". A famous bearer is Oskar Schindler, who saved over 1,000 Polish Jews during WWII. |
| Schneider (2) |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "tailor" from the German schneider or Yiddish shnayder. A famous bearer of the surname is Austrian actress Romy Schneider, remembered for her performance as Sissi. |
| Schnur |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "rope maker" from the German schnur or Yiddish shnur. |
| Schreier |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| German/Yiddish word that means "screamer" or "shrieker" or "crier", perhaps an occupational name for a town crier. There are two main branches of people with the name: Lutherans from Bavaria, and Ashkenazic Jews from the area of the Austro-Hungarian Empire formerly known as Galicia, which is today in southwestern Ukraine. |
| Schwarz |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From Middle High German swarz meaning "black". Originally described a person with black hair or a black complexion. |
| Seelenfreund |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Middle High German vriunt, modern German freund, meaning "friend" and modern German seele, meaning "soul". |
| Segal (1) |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| An acronym of the Hebrew phrase SeGan Levia meaning "second rank Levite". |
| Seidel |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the German word seidel meaning "beer mug". |
| Shafir |
|
Usage: Jewish
|
| An ornamental surname meaning "sapphire" from the Yiddish shafir. |
| Shain |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| An ornamental surname meaning "beautiful, handsome" from the German schön. |
| Shapiro |
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Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From Hebrew shapir which means "pretty, lovely". |
| Sheinfeld |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Means "lovely, beautiful field" from the German schön "fine, beautiful" and feld meaning "field". |
| Sherman (2) |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "tailor" in Yiddish, derived from sher "scissors". |
| Siegel (3) |
|
Usage: Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Segal (1). |
| Silverstein |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "silver stone" from German Silber + Stein. It was adopted when the Jews in Europe were compelled to take surnames in the early part of the 19th century. |
| Simon |
|
Usage: Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from the Hebrew first name Simon. |
| Sinasohn |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Variant of Sinason. |
| Siskin |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "sweet child" from the words suess meaning "sweet" and kind meaning "child". |
| Siskind |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Siskin. |
| Sitz (1) |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from a given name beginning with the Germanic element sigi meaning "victory". |
| Sitz (2) |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "house owner" from the Middle High German siz "seat, domicile". |
| Sobol |
|
Usage: Polish, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Derived from either the Polish sobol meaning "marten" or the Old High German zobel meaning "sable". |
| Sokol |
|
Usage: Czech, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "falcon" from the Slavic sokol. A occupational name for a falconer or as an ornamental name in the Jewish cases. |
| Sokoll |
|
Usage: Russian, Czech, Jewish
|
| From the Russian word sokol meaning "hawk". |
| Sokolof |
|
Usage: Russian, Jewish, Polish
|
| Means "son of Sokol". |
| Sokoloff (1) |
|
Usage: Jewish, Polish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "son of Sokol". |
| Sokolofsky |
|
Usage: Polish, Jewish
|
| Means "of Sokolof". |
| Sokolsky |
|
Usage: Polish, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "from Sokol (the family)". |
| Solomon |
|
Usage: French, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Salomon. |
| Spitznogle |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "sharp nail" in German. |
| Stein |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the Old High German word stein meaning "stone". It is common in German-Jewish names like Bernstein and Orenstein. |
| Stolarz |
|
Usage: Polish, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Occupational name meaning "joiner" from Polish stolarz. |
| Stueck |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "piece, part" from the Middle High German st?ck. |
| Suess |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| From a Jewish ornamental name from the Middle High German süss "sweet". |
| Tobias |
|
Usage: English, French, German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the personal name Tobias. |
| Toledano |
|
Usage: Jewish
|
| A jewish name derived from the name of the city of toledo, during the banishing of the jews of spain into morroco and africa, they kept thier last names which signify the city of origin in spain. |
| Venetianer |
|
Usage: German, Italian, Jewish
|
| Probably one of the few surnames with an unique known ancestor - Mr. Alexsandor Vinazie, a Jewish gentlemen who possibly emigrated from Venice to the town of Liptovsky Mikulas in a region which today is known as the Slovak Republic. Vinazie was later germinized to its present form Venetianer. |
| Waldfogel |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| Means "forest bird". Derived from the Old High German words wald, meaning "forest" and fogal meaning "bird". |
| Waldvogel |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant spelling of Waldfogel. |
| Wechsler |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "money changer, banker" from the German word Geldwechsler "money changer". |
| Wexler |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Wechsler. |
| Wirth |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Means "innkeeper" from the German Wirt "host". |
| Wolff |
|
Usage: German, Norwegian, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| Variant of Wolf. |
| Zilberschlag |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
|
| An occupational surname for a silversmith from Yiddish zilber "silver" and schlag "strike". |
| Zimman |
|
Usage: Jewish
|
| Assigned to families migrating via Ellis Island in the early part of the 20th century. May be a variation of Zimmermann. |
| Zimmermann |
|
Usage: German, Jewish
Extra: Statistics |
| From the German word for "carpenter", derived from Middle High German zimber "timber, wood" and mann "man". |
| Zingel |
|
Usage: Jewish
|
| From Middle High German zingel "defensive wall". This name was originally applied to a person who lived near the outermost wall of a castle. |
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