Browse Submitted Surnames

This is a list of submitted surnames in which the usage is Swiss; and the pattern is *r.
usage
pattern
Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed.
L'Huillier French
Denoted a person who produces or sells oil, from French huile "oil" with fused definite article l'. Anne Geneviève L'Huillier (1958-) is a French physicist who beat the world record for the shortest laser pulse, of 170 attoseconds.
Lichter German, Jewish
Occupational name for someone who made candles or possibly for someone who tended a light, from an agent derivative of from Middle High German lieht, Yiddish likht "candle, light".
Lieber English, German, Polish, Jewish
From the given name Lieber.
Lieberherr German (Swiss)
Derived from the given name Lieber.
Limburger German
Derived from the name of a town named "Limburg", which was located in western Germany.
Lindenmeyer German
Habitational name for the tenant of a farm identified by a lime tree, derived from Middle High German linde meaning "lime tree" and meier meaning "tenant farmer".
Linder German
Derived from the German word linde, which means lime tree.
Linzmeyer German, Portuguese (Brazilian)
Means "bailiff of Linz, Austria" in German, derived from Proto-Celtic *lentos (“bend”) and Middle High German meier meaning "bailiff, administrator", derived from Latin maior meaning "greater".... [more]
Lochner German
Means "a place where rivers meet with a partial obstruction from a wooden dam. "
Loescher German
German variant of Löscher, an occupational name for a fireman, from Middle High German leschen ‘to extinguish’. Als a variant of Loesch and Lescher or a derivative of Loesche.
Löffler German
Derived from German löffel, it denotes a person who produces or trades spoons.
Lothringer German
Indicates origin from Lothringen, German form of Lorraine
Löwenhaar German
Meaning "lion hair", from German löwe "lion" and haar "hair".
Lucier French
Derived from old French lucière meaning "light".
Luker German
Luker see also Lucher or Luchre, meaning money more specifically money obtained by nefarious means.
Lussier French
Occupational name from old French ussier "usher, doorkeeper".
Lutter Dutch, English, German
Dutch and English: variant of Luter.... [more]
Macher German
Either a habitational name for someone from any of several places called Machern, for example one near Leipzig... [more]
Mahler German
Variant of Maler, a German occupational surname meaning "painter", particularly a stained glass painter.... [more]
Maller German
An occupational name given to a painter of stained glass.
Mamer French, Luxembourgish
Derived from the given name Mamerius.
Mannheimer German, Jewish
variant of Mannheim and Manheimer with the German agent suffix -er.
Mar Swiss
The surname Mar has roots from Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain. MAR: topographic name for someone living by the sea, from mar ‘sea’ (Latin mare). German: nickname from Middle High German mar(w) ‘tender’, ‘delicate’.
Marker German
Status name for someone who lived on an area of land that was marked off from the village land or woodland, Middle High German merkære.
Marner English, German
Occupational name for a sailor from Anglo-Norman French mariner Middle, High German marnære "seaman". English variant of Mariner.
Marsteller German
Occupational name for a stable boy in or for the supervisor of the stables on a noble estate, from Middle High German mar(c) 'noble horse' stall 'stable' + the agent suffix -er.
Mauer German
Variant of Maurer.
Mauer German, Jewish
Topographic name for someone who lived near a wall, from Middle High German mure "wall".
Mauger French, Guernésiais, Jèrriais
From the given name Mauger, the Norman French form of Malger. It is a cognate of Major.
Mauser German
Occupational name for a mouse catcher.
Meer German (Swiss), Romansh
Derived from Late Latin maior domus "mayor of a palace" (compare Meyer 1).
Meester Dutch, Flemish, German
Occupational name for a teacher, lecturer or a master craftsman, or a nickname for someone who had a bossy demeanor, derived from Dutch meester meaning "master". A famous bearer of this surname is the American actress, singer and model Leighton Meester (1986-).
Meiler Romansh
Derived from the place name Meils (present-day Mels in the canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland).
Meister German, Swiss
Means "Master" in German.
Melcher Romansh
Derived from the given name Melchior.
Melchior Dutch, German
Derived from the given name Melchior.
Meller German
Denoting someone hailing from Melle in Germany.
Meltzer German
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic): occupational name for a maltster, a brewer who used malt, from German Meltzer (an agent derivative of Middle High German malt ‘malt’, ‘germinated barley’), Yiddish meltser ‘maltster’... [more]
Mendler German
Occupational name for a maker of coats from an agent derivative of Middle High German mantel, mandel, mendel "coat".
Menier French
Variant of Meunier.
Mentzer German
Habitational name with the agent suffix -er, either from Mainz, earlier Mentz, derived from the medieval Latin name Mogontia (Latin Mogontiacum, probably from the Celtic personal name Mogontios), or from Menz in Brandenburg and Saxony.
Menzer German
Variant of Mentzer.
Mergenthaler German
Habitational name for someone from a place called Mergenthal in Saxony or Bohemia.
Mergler German
Means "marl" from German mergel. It either denoted someone who lived by a marl pit or someone who sold marl.
Mertesacker German
Means "Merten's field" in German, derived from the given name Merten and Middle High German acker meaning "field". A famous bearer is the retired German soccer player Per Mertesacker (1984-).
Mesmer German
Occupational name for a maker of knives from Middle High German messer meaning "knife". A famous bearer was Franz Mesmer (1734-1815), a German doctor known for his theory of "animal magnetism", which was eventually incorporated into the field of hypnosis.
Messer German
Occupational name for an official in charge of measuring the dues paid in kind by tenants, from an agent derivative of Middle High German mezzen "to measure".
Messier French
Occupational name for someone who kept watch over harvested crops, Old French messier 'harvest master' (Late Latin messicarius, agent derivative of messis 'harvest').
Messler German
Habitational name for someone from Messel near Darmstadt.
Miedinger German
Habitational name for someone from Meitingen in Württemberg.
Minor English, German, French
English: variant spelling of Miner.... [more]
Mishler German
Americanized spelling of Swiss German Mischler .
Mitter German
Topographic name for someone who lived on or owned a property that was in the middle between two or more others, especially if the others were both held by men with the same personal name (for example, Mitter Hans), from the strong form of Middle High German mitte "mid, middle".
Mohler German (Swiss)
Derived from the Low German word möhl, meaning "mill." Variant of Müller.
Mohr German, German (Swiss), Romansh
Derived from Latin maurus "Moorish, North African".
Mohrbacher German
Likely arose as a name for those living near Morbach, Germany
Monier French, English, French (Huguenot)
French variant of Monnier and occupational name for a moneyer from Middle English monier "moneyer" (Old French monier) or for a miller from Old French monier "miller".
Montpelier English, French
English and French variant of Montpellier. This is the name of several places in the United States, for example the capital city of the state of Vermont, which was named after the French city of Montpellier.
Montpellier French
Means "woad mountain", derived from French mont (itself from Latin mōns) meaning "mountain" and pastel (Latin pastellus, pestellus) meaning "woad, dye", referring to someone who lived near a mountain that was covered with woad (a plant that produces a blue dye)... [more]
Morgenthaler German (Swiss)
Derived from the place name Murgental in the Swiss canton Aargau and Obermurgenthal in the canton Bern.
Mosbrucker German
Topographic name for someone who lived by a bridge over a swamp, from Middle High German mos meaning "bog", "swamp" + brucke meaning "bridge".
Mouldenhauer German
Has a Northern German origin, and means “bowl maker” or “carver of bowls”.
Möwer German (Rare)
Possibly derived from Middle High German moven "to torment, trouble, burden".
Mower German (Americanized)
Americanized form of Maurer and Mauer.
Mozer German
South German (Swabia): Variant Of Moser.
Münster German, Dutch
habitational name from any of the places called Münster (in Germany) or Munster derived from Latin monasterium "monastery" or a topographic name for someone living near a monastery.
Mutter German
(also Mütter): occupational name for an official employed to measure grain, from Middle High German mutte, mütte 'bushel', 'grain measure' (Latin modius) + the agent suffix -er.
Nagler German
Form Middle High German nagel "nail".
Narr German
Nickname for a foolish or silly person, from Middle High German narr ‘fool’, ‘jester’.
Nasser German
Someone from any of the places called Nassen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Hesse, and Bavaria.
Nater German (Swiss)
Derived from Middle High German nâtaere "tailor; furrier".
Necker German
Denoted a person who lives near the Neckar River, a major tributary of the Rhine.
Neeser German (Swiss)
Derived from the given name Agnes.
Neher German
An occupational name for a tailor from a deritive of Middle Low German, 'nehen' which means 'to sew' or 'to embroider'
Neisser German
German demonym of the town of Neisse (nowadays Nysa, in Poland), itself from the name of the river Neisse (Nysa) which runs through the city.
Nenninger German
Habitational name for someone from Nenningen in Württemberg.
Nestler German
Derived from the middle high German word nesteler meaning "maker of string or thread".
Neubauer German, Jewish, German (Austrian)
epithet for a settler who was new to an area from Middle High German niuwi "new" and bur "settler resident peasant" (see Bauer ) meaning "neighbor"... [more]
Neubecker German
From German neu meaning "new" and becker meaning "baker".
Neuber German
Contracted form of Neubauer.
Neuberger German
German surname meaning 'new mountaineer'
Neuenschwander German (Swiss), Swiss
Means "newly cleared land".
Neuer German
Inflicted form of Neu meaning "new man" see Neumann
Neuger German, French (?)
Was popularized by the German community. Famous bearers include investors Win Neuger and Dan Neuger, author Christie Cozad Neuger.
Neuhauser German, German (Austrian)
Means "new house" in German.
Neujahr German
nickname for someone who owed feudal dues at the New Year, or sometimes a name given to someone born on that day
Neumeyer German
German: distinguishing name for a newly appointed steward or tenant farmer, or one who was a newcomer to an area, from Middle High German niuwe ‘new’ + meier ‘steward’, ‘tenant farmer’ ( see Meyer 1)... [more]
Neuschwanger German (Rare), Dutch
German and Dutch variant of Neuenschwander.
Neuser German (Rare)
Person who had ancestors that lived in Germany near Dusseldorf in the town called Neuss.
Neustädter German
Habitational name for someone from any of many places in Germany and Austria called Neustadt.
Never German
Habitational surname denoting someone from the town of Nevern (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Germany.
Nichter German, Yiddish
Possibly means "negator, negate" from Middle High German nicht meaning "not", or "sober", from Middle High German nüchter. Perhaps it originally denoted a person who was a philosopher, judge, or bartender.
Niederhäuser German, Swiss
Habitational name from any of numerous places named Niederhaus or Niederhausen, denoting the lower of two dwellings or settlements or one in a low-lying position.
Niedermeier German, German (Austrian)
Occupational name for a farmer who had a farm lower than the neighboring one(s). This surname and its variant spellings are common to Austria and the state of Bavaria in Germany.
Niedermeyer German
Means "lower farmer", a distinguishing name for a farmer who worked further south or in a low-lying location.
Nighswander German (Swiss)
An Americanized form of the Swiss German Neuenschwander or its variant Neuschwander.
Nipper German
1. habitational name for someone from Nippe in Hesse. ... [more]
Noir French
Means "black" in French, denoting a person with a dark complexion, or someone who habitually wears dark clothing, or a night worker.
Nonnenmacher German
Occupational name for a gelder of hogs, from Middle High German nunne, nonne meaning "nun", and by transfer "castrated hog" + an agent derivative of machen meaning "to make".
Nungesser German
Apparently a variant spelling of German Nonnengasse, derived from a street name meaning "nuns, lane". It could also be a variant of Gnugesser, a nickname for a big eater, derived from g(e)nug meaning "enough" and esser meaning "eater" (which derived from essen meaning "to eat")... [more]
Nürnberger German, Jewish
Habitational name for someone from the city of Nürnberg in Bavaria.
Obermiller German (Americanized)
Partly Americanized form of German Obermüller, a topographic name for the miller at the ‘upper mill’.
Ochsner German (Swiss)
Means "oxen herder" in Swiss, from Middle High German ohse "ox".
Ogier French, English
From the given name Ogier.
Ollivier French
From a variant of the given names Olivier and Oliver.
Österreicher German, German (Austrian)
Means "One from Austria", "the Austrian".
Osterreicher German
I was told that this surname in native Austria originates as follows. Oster means East, reich means kingdom, with er meaning native of. In old Austria there were six kingdoms, with the East one being the largest with the seat of government there... [more]
Ottmar German
From the given name Ottmar.
Overholser German (Swiss)
The Oberholtzer family originated in the Swiss village of Oberholtz, south of Zurich, before the 15th century. However, in 1661, one family left Switzerland for the Palatinate in Germany.
Panier Romansh
Derived from the place name Panix (present-day Pigniu) in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.
Panzer German
Metonymic occupational name for an armorer from Middle High German panzier "mailcoat" (Old French pancier "armor for the stomach, body armor" from Late Latin).
Papier French, German, Jewish
Means "paper" in French and German, denoting a paper maker or merchant, both derived from Old French papier.
Parmentier French, Belgian
An occupational surname for a maker of "facings" and "trimmings".
Parquier French
From an Old French word meaning "Keeper of the Park". Made from the element "Parc", meaning park, and the suffix "-ier", which indicates a profession. The surname Parker is a descendant.
Parr German
Variant of Pfarr.
Partenheimer German
Habitational name for someone from Partenheim in Rheinhessen.
Pasquier French
Meaning uncertain. Possibly "keeper of the oven."
Pasteur French
French for "shepherd" or "preacher, pastor". Famous bearer Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French chemist who created the first rabies vaccine, gave his name to the process of 'pasteurization'.
Pater Dutch, German, English, Polish
From Latin pater "father", used as a religious title for a priest in Roman Catholicism. Possibly used semi-literally for a man who worked in the church, or figuratively for a solemn or pompous man.
Pêcheur French
French for "fisher."
Peer Romansh
Romansh form of Bayer.
Pelissier French
From Old French "Pelicier", (Meaning "Furrier", from an agent derivative of pelice, meaning "Fur cloak", from Late Latin "pellicia", from "pellis", meaning "skin fur". An occupational name of someone likely in the fur and hide trade.
Peltier French
Variant of Pelletier (from Old French pellet, a diminutive of pel "skin, hide").
Pelzer German
Occupational name for a furrier, from an agent derivative Middle High German bellez "fur".
Pernier Italian
A famous bearer is the Italian archaeologist Luigi Pernier (1874 - 1937), who discovered the mysterious Phaistos disc on the Greek island of Crete.
Pfannebecker German
Occupational name for a maker of roof tiles, cognate of Dutch Pannebakker.
Pfarr German
From Middle High German pfarr 'district' 'parish' or pfarre(r) 'parish priest', hence an occupational name for a parson.
Pfarrer German
Means "Pastor" in German.
Pfeffer German, Jewish
Occupational name for a spicer, or a nickname for a person with a fiery temper, for a small man, or for a dark-haired person. Derived from German Pfeffer "pepper".
Pflüger German
Occupational name for a Ploughman, literally meaning "Ploughman/Plowman" in German.
Pfotenhauer German
High German, carpenter's and woodworker's main occupation. Actual old German translation is "paw slapper" or "large paw" as in an animal (bear).
Pieper German, Dutch
Occupational name for a piper.
Pinsker German, Prussian
Habitational name from any of several places named near Posen (Polish Poznan) and in West Prussia.
Pitcher English, German
From an agent derivative of Middle English pich ‘pitch’, hence an occupational name for a caulker, one who sealed the seams of ships or barrels with pitch. English variant of Pickard... [more]
Pitsenbarger German
Probably an altered spelling of Bezzenberger, which is derived from Boizenburg, a municipality in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
Pittler French
A surname which originally belonged to a person who lived by a pit or hollow. Meaning "King of the Pit" or "King of the Hollow".
Pittsenbarger German
Variant spelling of Pitsenbarger.
Pláňsker Czech (Rare, Archaic), Slovak (Rare, Archaic), German (Rare, Archaic)
Originating from Bohemia, a region between The Czech Republic and Germany. The name means "forest clearing", Pláň: forest, sker: clearing. It is a very rare last name with only about 20 holders of it.
Plumer German, English, Dutch
North German (Plümer) and English: variant of Plum, the suffix -er denoting habitation or occupation. Altered form of South German Pflümer, an occupational name for a grower or seller of plums, from an agent derivative of Middle High German pflume ‘plum’... [more]
Plumier French, Belgian
Possibly an occupational name for a dealer in feathers and quills, from an agent derivative of Old French plume "feather, plume" (compare English and Dutch Plumer)... [more]
Poehler German
German (Westphalian): topographic name for someone who lived by a muddy pool, from an agent noun derived from Middle Low pol ‘(muddy) pool’.
Poitier French
Evidently an altered spelling of Pothier. A famous bearer of this surname was the Bahamian-American actor Sidney Poitier (1927-2022).
Politzer Hungarian, German, Jewish
Habitational name derived from any one of several places called Police (known as Pölitz in German) in the Czech Republic. Hugh David Politzer (1949-) is an American theoretical physicist who, along with David Gross and Frank Wilczek, discovered asymptotic freedom.
Portier French
occupational name for the gatekeeper of a walled town or city, or the doorkeeper of a great house, Old French portier (from Late Latin portarius)... [more]
Posner German, Polish, Medieval
Originally denoted a person from Poznań, Poland.
Potier French
An occupational name for a maker of drinking and storage vessels, from potier "potter", an agent derivative of Old French pot "drinking vessel"... [more]
Pottier French
A variant of the french word for potter, potier.... [more]
Pregler German
Nickname for a chatterer or grumbler, from an agent derivative of Middle High German breglen ‘to chatter’, ‘complain’, ‘yell’, ‘roar’.
Priester Dutch, German
From Middle Dutch priester preester Middle High German priester "priest" from Latin presbyter... [more]
Prieur French
from prieur Old French prior "prior" a monastic official immediately subordinate to an abbot (from Latin prior "superior") hence an occupational name for a servant of a prior or an ironic nickname... [more]
Provencher French
From the French word for the flower periwinkle. (pervenche) Brought to Canada from France in 1660 by Sebastien Provencher.
Pulitzer Hungarian, German, Jewish
Variant form of Politzer. A famous bearer was the Hungarian-American businessman, newspaper publisher and politician Joseph Pulitzer (1847-1911). His family came from Hungary, but they were of Czech origin.
Pulver Low German, French, English
I comes from the Latin verb meaning "to make powder." This name was given to either an alchemist or one who made gunpowder.
Quaderer German
Nickname for someone stocky, from Middle High German quader meaning "building stone".
Quinter Romansh
Derived from the place name Quinto in the Swiss canton Ticino.
Rader German
Variation of Rademacher, meaning "maker of wheels" in German ("rat" meaning wheel), later shortened to Rader and other variations such as Redder, Raeder, Redler, etc.
Radler German
Occupational name, which was derived from the kind of work done by the original bearer. It is a name for a wheelmaker or wheelwright. The name stems from the German noun rat, meaning wheel. The origin is more clear in the variant Rademacher
Raffensperger German
Altered spelling of Ravensburger or Ravensberger, a habitational name for someone from Ravensburg in Württemberg, but there are a number of similar surnames, for example Raffenberg, a farm name near Hamm, and Raffsberger.
Raisor English (American), German (Americanized)
Possibly a variant of Rasor, or an Americanized form of German Röser or Reiser.
Raiter German
Occupational name for a taxman or accountant, from an agent derivative of Middle High German reiten ‘to reckon’, ‘to calculate’.
Ramser German, German (Austrian)
Habitational name derived from either any of several places called Ramsen in Germany and Switzerland, or from places in Austria and upper Bavaria called Ramsau... [more]
Ramseyer Swiss
Note: the 'Ramseyer Song' in Switzerland
Ranger English, German, French
English: occupational name for a gamekeeper or warden, from Middle English ranger, an agent derivative of range(n) ‘to arrange or dispose’.... [more]
Rather German, Jewish
1. Occupational name for a counsellor or nickname for a wise person, from Middle High German rater ‘adviser’. ... [more]
Rathgeber German
From Middle High German ratgebe or Middle Low German ratgever "giver of advice, counselor", an occupational name for an adviser or wise man.
Ratzinger German
Ratzinger means that someone has origins in the town of Ratzing. There are several German towns with this name. RATZ means ‘Serb’. Serbs were indigenous people in Germany, and many German cities originally had Serbian names (Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig, Brandenburg)... [more]
Räuber German, German (Swiss)
German, Swiss German: derogatory nickname, from Middle High German roubære ‘robber’, ‘bandit’, ‘highwayman’ (from roub, roup ‘booty’, ‘spoils’).
Reaser German (Anglicized)
Americanized form of Rieser. A famous bearer is American actress Elizabeth Reaser (1975-).
Rechner German
Occupational name from Middle High German rechenære "reckoner keeper of accounts".
Redenbacher German (Americanized)
Habitational name for someone from any of several places in Bavaria and Austria called Rettenbach, derived from German bach "stream" and an uncertain first element; possibly Old Germanic retten "swamp, moor", reudan "to clear (land), clearing", or roden "to redden, become red".
Redlinger German, Jewish
Habitational name for someone from Redling in Bavaria, Germany.
Redner German
German: possibly a variant of Redmer, or an occupational name for a spokesman, Middle High German rednære.
Reever German
Possibly an altered form of German Riefer, a patronymic from the personal name Rüef, a reduced form of Rudolf.
Régnier French
From the medieval given Régnier the older form of Rainier.
Rehder German
Occupational name, which was derived from the kind of work done by the original bearer. It is a name for a wheelmaker or wheelwright.
Reicher German, German (Austrian), Jewish
Derived from various placenames called Reich, Reichau, Reichen.
Reider German
Variant of Reiter.
Reifinger German
1 German: perhaps a habitational name for someone from any of several places called Reiting in Bavaria and Austria, or from a Germanic personal name, a variant of Rediger .... [more]
Reimer German
From a Germanic personal name, a reduced form of Reinmar, composed of the elements ragin "counsel" + mari, meri "fame".
Reiner German
From the given name Reiner
Reisenauer German
Probably denoted a person from a minor place called Reisenau, or a topographic name for someone living by an overgrown water meadow, derived from Middle High German ris meaning "undergrowth" and owe meaning "water meadow".
Reiser German, Upper German
Habitational name for someone from Reis or Reissen in Bavaria (see Reis). An occupational name from Middle High German reisære ‘warrior’, ‘traveler’... [more]
Reisner German
A habitational name for someone from a place called Reisen (for example in Bavaria), Reissen in Thuringia, or Reussen on the Saale river. A variant of Reiser Also from an agent derivative of Middle High German, Middle Low German rise ‘veil’; perhaps an occupational name for someone who made veils.
Reisser Upper German
An occupational name for a woodcutter, Middle High German risser.
Reller German (Swiss)
Occupational name for a miller, derived from the Swiss German dialect term relle meaning "grist mill".
Reusser Swiss, German, Upper German
In Switzerland, an occupational name for a fisherman or maker of fish traps, from an agent derivative of Middle High German riuse "fish trap, weir basket". A nickname from an agent noun based on Middle High German riusen "to moan or complain"... [more]
Reznor German
May be a variant of the German surname Reisner, a habitational name for someone from a place called Reisen (for example in Bavaria), Reissen in Thuringia, or Reussen on the Saale river.
Ricer Italian
means "search " in italian
Richer French, English, German
From the given name Richer.
Ridder German, Dutch
Dutch form and German variant of Ritter.
Ridinger German
A habitational name for someone from a place named Riding or Rieding. It is also possibly an altered spelling of Reitinger, a topographic name from Reit(e), which means ‘clearing’ (Old High German riuti).
Rieser Swiss, German
Alemannic form of Reiser. A habitational name for someone from Ries near Passau. Alemannic variant of Rüsser and Rüser, a variant of Reusser... [more]
Riquier French
From the given name Riquier and a variant of Richer.
Rober German
Variant of Röber (see Roeber).
Rocher French
From French roche, meaning "rock'. It indicates a person who worked at a quarry.
Rockefeller German
Means "from Rockenfeld." Some famous bearers include founder of the Standard Oil Company and philanthropist John Davison Rockefeller (1839-1937), and 41st Vice President of the U.S.A. Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (1908-1979).
Roemer German
Refers to a pilgrim or merchant visiting Rome.
Rogier French
From the Old French given name Rogier a variant of Roger. Variant of Roger
Rohr German, Jewish
Topographic name for someone who lived in an area thickly grown with reeds, from Middle High German ror. Also a habitational name from one of the several places named with this word.