Surnames with Relationship "from place name"

Aarle Dutch
Denoted a person who hailed from a place of this name in the Netherlands, or from Arlon in Belgium (which is Aarlen in Dutch).

Abney English
From the name of a town in Derbyshire, derived from Old English meaning "Abba's island".

Achterberg Dutch, German
From the name of various places in the Netherlands and Germany, for example the village of achterberg in Utrecht. The place names are derived from Low German achter "behind" and berg "mountain, hill".

Achterop Dutch
Variant of Ogtrop.

Achthoven Dutch
Denoted a person from various towns in the Netherlands called Achthoven, which is derived from Dutch acht "eight" and hoven "farmsteads".

Adrichem Dutch
From the name of an estate and castle (demolished in 1812) that was formerly in North Holland, the Netherlands. It means "Adrik's home".

Agthoven Dutch
Variant of Achthoven.

Ainsley Scottish
From a place name: either Annesley in Nottinghamshire or Ansley in Warwickshire. The place names themselves derive from Old English anne "alone, solitary" or ansetl "hermitage" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Alamanni Italian
From Alemannia, the Latin name for Germany.

Albanesi Italian
Originally indicated a person who came from Albania.

Alemagna Italian
From Alemannia, the Latin name for Germany.

Alfarsi Arabic
Means "the Persian" in Arabic, derived from Arabic فارس (Fāris) meaning "Persia".

Altena Dutch
From the name of a town in the Netherlands, possibly meaning "close, near" in Dutch.

Apeldoorn Dutch
From the name of a city in the Netherlands, meaning "apple tree" in Dutch.

Appeldoorn Dutch
Variant of Van Apeldoorn.

Appleby English
From the name of various English towns, derived from Old English æppel "apple" and Old Norse býr "farm, settlement".

Appleton English
From the name of several English towns, meaning "orchard" in Old English (a compound of æppel "apple" and tun "enclosure, yard").

Aquino Italian, Spanish
From the name of an Italian town near Rome, derived from Latin aqua meaning "water", the home town of the 13th-century saint Thomas Aquinas. In Italy the surname is derived directly from the town's name. As a Spanish-language surname, it was sometimes bestowed by missionaries in honour of the saint as they evangelized in Spanish colonies.

Arendonk Dutch
Denoted a person from Arendonk, a town between in northern Belgium. It is derived from arend "eagle" and donk "hill".

Ashley English
Denoted a person hailing from one of the many places in England that bear this name. The place name itself is derived from Old English æsc "ash tree" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Ashton English
Denoted a person from one of the towns in England that bear this name, itself derived from Old English æsc "ash tree" and tun "enclosure, yard, town".

Ashworth English
From an English place name meaning "ash enclosure" in Old English.

Asís Spanish
Originally denoted a person from the Italian city of Assisi (called Asís in Spanish).

Assendorp Dutch
From the name of a place called Assendorp, composed of Dutch essen and dorp, meaning "ash tree village".

Aston 1 English
From a place name meaning "east town" in Old English.

Asturias Spanish
From the name of a region in Spain, formerly a medieval kingdom. It is possibly derived from Basque asta "rock" and ur "water".

Audley English
From a place name meaning "Ealdgyð's clearing" in Old English.

Ayton English
From the name of towns in Berwickshire and North Yorkshire. They are derived from Old English ea "river" or ieg "island" combined with tun "enclosure, yard, town".

Baar Dutch
Variant of Baars.

Baarda Frisian
From the name of the town of Baard in the Netherlands, possibly derived from a given name that was a variant of Bert.

Baars Dutch
Indicated a person coming from the town of Beers in the Netherlands.

Baarsma Frisian
Indicated a person coming from the small town of Beers in Frisia.

Baggi Italian
Variant of Baggio.

Baggio Italian
Originally denoted a person from the Italian town of Baggio (now part of Milan). It is probably derived from Latin Badalocum meaning "watch place".

Bagley English
From various English place names, derived from the Old English given name Bacga combined with leah "woodland, clearing".

Baier German
Variant of Bayer.

Barclay English, Scottish
From the English place name Berkeley, derived from Old English beorc "birch" and leah "woodland, clearing". The surname was imported to Scotland in the 12th century.

Bardsley English
From the name a village near Manchester, from the Old English given name Beornræd and leah "woodland, clearing".

Bayer German
Originally denoted a person from Bavaria, from its German name Bayern.

Beasley English
From the name of a place in Lancashire, from Old English beos "bent grass" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Becskei Hungarian
Indicated a person from Becske, a town in Hungary, which might be derived from the given name Benedek.

Begbie Scottish
From the name of a town in East Lothian, Scotland. It is derived from the Old Norse given name Baggi and býr "farm, settlement".

Bennington English
From the English town name Benington, which can mean either "settlement belonging to Beonna's people" or "settlement by the River Beane".

Bentley English
From a place name derived from Old English beonet "bent grass" and leah "woodland, clearing". Various towns in England bear this name.

Benton English
Denoted someone who came from Benton, England, which is derived from Old English beonet "bent grass" and tun "enclosure".

Bergamaschi Italian
Originally indicated an inhabitant of the city of Bergamo in Lombardy.

Beverley English
From the name of an English city, derived from Old English beofor "beaver" and (possibly) licc "stream".

Beverly English
Variant of Beverley.

Beyer German
Variant of Bayer.

Blackbourne English
Variant of Blackburn.

Blackburn English
From the name of a city in Lancashire, meaning "black stream" in Old English.

Blakeslee English
Variant of Blakesley.

Blakesley English
From the name of a town in Northamptonshire, itself meaning "Blæcwulf's meadow" in Old English. Blæcwulf is a byname meaning "black wolf".

Bloodworth English
Originally indicated someone from the town of Blidworth in Nottinghamshire, which was derived from the Old English byname Blīþa (meaning "happy, blithe") combined with worð "enclosure".

Bloxam English
Variant of Bloxham.

Bloxham English
From a place name meaning "Blocca's homestead". The Old English byname Blocca is of uncertain origin.

Boehler German
Variant of Böhler.

Böhler German
Derived from the name of several German towns called Boll or Böhl, meaning "hill".

Böhm German
Originally indicated a person from the region of Bohemia (Böhmen in German).

Böhme German
Variant of Böhm.

Böhmer German, Jewish
Variant of Böhm.

Bologna Italian
From the name of the city of Bologna in northern Italy. It may derive from a Celtic word meaning "settlement".

Boon 2 English
Originally indicated a person from the town of Bohon, in Manche in France. The town's name is of unknown origin.

Boone English
Variant of Boon 1 or Boon 2.

Borgia Italian
Italian form of Borja. This was the name of an Italian noble family who were influential during the Renaissance period.

Borja Spanish
Originally indicated a person from the Spanish town of Borja in Aragon, derived from Arabic برْج (burj) meaning "tower".

Bradford English
Derived from the name of the city of Bradford in West Yorkshire, which meant "broad ford" in Old English. This is also the name of other smaller towns in England.

Bradley English
From a common English place name, derived from brad "broad" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Breckenridge Scottish, English
Originally indicated someone from Brackenrig in Lanarkshire, derived from northern Middle English braken meaning "bracken" (via Old Norse brækni) and rigg meaning "ridge" (via Old Norse hryggr).

Breckinridge Scottish, English
Variant of Breckenridge.

Brierley English
From an English place name, derived from brer "briar" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Briley English
Possibly a variant of Brierley.

Bristol English
From the name of a city in England meaning "the site of the bridge".

Bristow English
From the name of the city of Bristol, originally Brycgstow in Old English, meaning "the site of the bridge".

Brodie Scottish
Originally derived from a place in Moray, Scotland. It is probably from Gaelic broth meaning "ditch, mire".

Brody Scottish
Variant of Brodie.

Buckley 1 English
From an English place name derived from bucc "buck, male deer" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Budai Hungarian
Originally indicated a person from the Hungarian city of Buda (one of the two cities that were joined to make Budapest in 1873).

Buday Hungarian
Variant of Budai.

Burnham English
From the name of various towns in England, typically derived from Old English burna "stream, spring" and ham "home, settlement".

Burton English
From a common English place name, derived from Old English meaning "fortified town".

Bustillo Spanish
From the name of Spanish towns, diminutive forms of Busto.

Busto Spanish, Italian
From the name of towns in Spain and Italy, derived from Late Latin bustum meaning "ox pasture".

Bustos Spanish
Variant of Busto.

Caiazzo Italian
From the name of a city near Naples, originally Caiatia in Latin, a derivative of the given name Caius.

Caivano Italian
From the name of the town of Caivano near Naples, derived from Latin Calvianum, derived from the Roman cognomen Calvus.

Carlisle English
From the name of a city in northern England. The city was originally called by the Romans Luguvalium meaning "stronghold of Lugus". Later the Brythonic element ker "fort" was appended to the name of the city.

Carlyle English
Variant of Carlisle.

Cason English
From the English place name Cawston, derived from the Old Norse given name Kálfr combined with Old English tun meaning "enclosure, yard, town".

Castellano Spanish
Variant of Castilla.

Castilla Spanish
Originally indicated a person from Castile, a region (and medieval kingdom) in Spain. The name of the region is derived from Late Latin castellum meaning "castle".

Catalán Spanish
Originally indicated a person who came from Catalonia, a region of eastern Spain.

Catalano Italian
Italian form of Catalán.

Čech m Czech
Means "Czech". The name was used to differentiate a native of Bohemia from the natives of Silesia, Moravia and other regions that are now part of the Czech Republic.

Chadwick English
From the name of English towns meaning "settlement belonging to Chad" in Old English.

Chavarría Spanish
Variant of Echeverría.

Chaves Portuguese, Spanish
From the name of a Portuguese city, derived from the Roman name Flavius (being named for the emperor Vespasian, whose family name was Flavius).

Cheshire English
Originally indicated a person from the county of Cheshire in England. Cheshire is named for its city Chester.

Chester English
From the name of a city in England, derived from Latin castrum "camp, fortress".

Clinton English
Derived from the English place name Glinton, of uncertain meaning, or Glympton, meaning "settlement on the River Glyme". This surname is borne by former American president Bill Clinton (1946-).

Coburn Scottish, English
Variant of Cockburn.

Cochran Scottish
Variant of Cochrane.

Cochrane Scottish
From the name of a place in Renfrewshire, Scotland. Its origin is uncertain.

Cockburn Scottish, English
Originally indicated someone who came from Cockburn, a place in Berwickshire. The place name is derived from Old English cocc "rooster" and burna "stream".

Colby English
From various English place names, which were derived from the Old Norse byname Koli (meaning "coal, dark") and býr "farm, settlement".

Colton English
From a place name meaning "Cola's town".

Courtenay 1 English
From the name of towns in France that were originally derivatives of the Gallo-Roman personal name Curtenus, itself derived from Latin curtus "short".

Crawford English
From a place name derived from Old English crawe "crow" and ford "river crossing". A notable bearer was the American actress Joan Crawford (1904-1977), born Lucille Fay LeSueur.

Cremaschi Italian
From the name of the city of Crema in Lombardy, northern Italy.

Cremona Italian
From the Italian city of Cremona, south of Milan, in Lombardy.

Cremonesi Italian
From the name of the Italian city of Cremona in Lombardy.

Cseh Hungarian
Means "Czech" in Hungarian.

Cullen 1 English
From the name of the German city of Cologne, which was derived from Latin colonia "colony".

Czajkowski m Polish
Originally indicated a person from any of the Polish towns named Czajków, all derived from Polish czajka meaning "lapwing (bird)".

Dabney English
Variant of Daubney.

Darby English
From the name of the English town Derby, derived from Old Norse djúr "animal" and býr "farm, settlement".

Daubney English
From any of the various towns in France called Aubigny, derived from the Gallo-Roman personal name Albinus.

Dayton English
Variant of Deighton.

Deadman English
Variant of Debenham.

Debenham English
Originally denoted a person from the town of Debenham in Suffolk, derived from the name of the River Deben (meaning "deep" in Old English) combined with ham meaning "home, settlement".

Deighton English
From English towns by this name, from Old English dic "ditch" and tun "enclosure, yard, town".

Derby English
Variant of Darby.

De Santiago Spanish
Variant of Santiago.

Di Napoli Italian
Means "from Naples" in Italian.

Dinapoli Italian
Variant of Di Napoli.

Douglas Scottish
From the name of a town in Lanarkshire, itself named after a tributary of the River Clyde called the Douglas Water, derived from Gaelic dubh "dark" and glais "water, river" (an archaic word related to glas "grey, green"). This was a Scottish Lowland clan, the leaders of which were powerful earls in the medieval period.

Douglass Scottish
Variant of Douglas.

Dùbhghlas Scottish Gaelic
Gaelic form of Douglas.

Dudley English
From a place name meaning "Dudda's clearing" in Old English. The surname was borne by a British noble family.

Dunai Hungarian
From Duna, the Hungarian name for river Danube.

Dunajski m Polish
Derived from Dunaj, the Polish name for the river Danube.

Eaton English
From any of the various English towns with this name, derived from Old English ea "river" and tun "enclosure, yard, town".

Echevarría Spanish
Variant of Echeverría.

Echeverría Spanish
Derived from the Basque place name Etxeberria, which itself is derived from Basque etxe "house" and berri "new".

Etxebarria Basque
Original Basque form of Echeverría.

Etxeberria Basque
Original Basque form of Echeverría.

Ewart 2 English
From the name of an English town, derived from Old English ea "river" and worþ "enclosure".

Farnham English
Indicated a person from any of the various towns named Farnham in England, notably in Surrey. Their names are from Old English fearn "fern" and ham "home, settlement" or ham "water meadow, enclosure".

Filipowski m Polish
Either a patronymic from the given name Filip, or a habitational name denoting a person from the Polish town of Filipów (also derived from the given name).

Fleury French
From the name of various towns in northern France, derived from the Gallo-Roman personal name Florus.

Frank 3 German, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian
Name for a person from Franconia in Germany, so called because it was settled by the Frankish people. A notable bearer was the German-Jewish diarist Anne Frank (1929-1945), a victim of the Holocaust.

Franke German, Dutch
Variant of Frank 3.

Frankenstein German, Literature
From any of the various minor places by this name in Germany, meaning "stone of the Franks" in German. It was used by the author Mary Shelley in her novel Frankenstein (1818) for the character of Victor Frankenstein, a scientist who creates a monster and brings it to life. The monster, nameless in the novel, is sometimes informally or erroneously called Frankenstein in modern speech.

Franzese Italian
From a nickname that indicated a person who came from France. It is typical of the area around Naples.

Fulton English
From the name of the English town of Foulden, Norfolk, meaning "bird hill" in Old English.

Furlan Italian, Slovene
From the name of the Italian region of Friuli, in the northeast of Italy, which is derived from the name of the Roman town of Forum Iulii meaning "forum of Julius".

Gadsby English
Habitational name from the village of Gaddesby in Leicestershire, so named from Old Norse gaddr "spur, spike (of land)" and býr "farm, settlement".

Genovese Italian
Denoted a person from the Italian city of Genoa (Genova in Italian).

Gorecki m Polish
Originally indicated a person from Górka, the name of various towns in Poland, ultimately from Polish góra "mountain".

Górka Polish
Variant of Gorecki.

Görög Hungarian
Means "Greek" in Hungarian.

Graeme Scottish
Variant of Graham.

Graham Scottish, English
Derived from the English place name Grantham, which probably meant "gravelly homestead" in Old English. The surname was first taken to Scotland in the 12th century by William de Graham.

Grahame Scottish
Variant of Graham.

Granville English
Derived from a Norman place name Grainville.

Grec Catalan
Catalan cognate of Greco.

Greco Italian
Means "from Greece" in Italian.

Grenville English
Variant of Granville.

Haanraads Dutch
Originally indicated a person from Haanrade, a small village in the south of the province of Limburg in the Netherlands.

Haanraadts Dutch
Variant of Haanraads.

Haanraats Dutch
Variant of Haanraads.

Haenraets Dutch
Variant of Haanraads.

Hailey English
Variant of Haley.

Haley English
From the name of an English town meaning "hay clearing", from Old English heg "hay" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Hamilton English, Scottish
From an English place name, derived from Old English hamel "crooked, mutilated" and dun "hill". This was the name of a town in Leicestershire, England (which no longer exists).

Hanraets Dutch
Variant of Haanraads.

Harden English
From a place name meaning "hare valley" in Old English.

Harel Jewish
Ornamental name adopted from a biblical place name meaning "altar, mountain of God" in Hebrew.

Harford English
Habitational name from places called Harford in Gloucestershire and Devon, meaning "hart ford" or "army ford".

Harley English
Derived from a place name meaning "hare clearing", from Old English hara "hare" or hær "rock, heap of stones" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Hayley English
Variant of Haley.

Hofwegen Dutch
Variant of Van Hofwegen.

Holland 1 English
From various English places of this name, derived from Old English hoh "point of land, heel" and land "land".

Holland 2 Dutch, German, English
Indicated a person from the Dutch province of Holland 1.

Hollands English
Variant of Holland 1.

Holst Danish, Low German, Dutch
Originally referred to a person from the region of Holstein between Germany and Denmark. A famous bearer of this name was the English composer Gustav Holst (1874-1934).

Honeycutt English
Derived from the name of the English town of Hunnacott, derived from Old English hunig "honey" or the given name Huna combined with cot "cottage".

Honeysett English
Possibly a variant of Honeycutt.

Horowitz Jewish
From the German name of Hořovice, a town in the Czech Republic. Its name is derived from Czech hora "mountain".

Houston Scottish
From a place name meaning "Hugh's town". The original Houston is in Scotland near Glasgow.

Howland English
Variant of Holland 1.

Hunnicutt English
Variant of Honeycutt.

Hunnisett English
Possibly a variant of Honeycutt.

Huxley English
From the name of a town in Cheshire. The final element is Old English leah "woodland, clearing", while the first element might be hux "insult, scorn". A famous bearer was the British author Aldous Huxley (1894-1963).

Ibarra Basque, Spanish
From Basque place names derived from ibar meaning "meadow".

Iordanou Greek
From the name of the Jordan river, which is from Hebrew יָרַד (yaraḏ) meaning "descend" or "flow down".

Irvin Scottish, English
Variant of Irvine 1 or Irwin.

Irvine 1 Scottish
Originally derived from the name of a Scottish (North Ayrshire) town, which was named for the River Irvine, derived from Brythonic elements meaning "green water".

Irving Scottish, English
Variant of Irvine 1 or Irwin.

Jankowski m Polish
Habitational name for a person from a town named Jankowo or Janków, all derived from the given name Janek.

Janowski m Polish
Habitational name for a person from a town named Janowo, Janów or Janowice, all derived from the given name Jan 1.

Jaskólski m Polish
Originally indicated a person from various Polish towns named Jaskółki, derived from Polish jaskółka "swallow (bird)".

Jaskulski m Polish
Variant of Jaskólski.

Jeanes 2 English
Originally denoted a person who came from Genoa, Italy.

Jordan 2 Jewish
Derived from the name of the Jordan river, which is from Hebrew יָרַד (yaraḏ) meaning "descend" or "flow down".

Kárpáthy Hungarian
Variant of Kárpáti.

Kárpáti Hungarian
Derived from Kárpátok, the Hungarian name of the Carpathians.

Kárpáty Hungarian
Variant of Kárpáti.

Kendal English
Variant of Kendall.

Kendall English
Derived from the town of Kendal in England, so-called from the river Kent, on which it is situated, and Old English dæl meaning "valley, dale".

Kimberley English
From various English places called Kimberley. They mean either "Cyneburga's field", "Cynebald's field" or "Cynemær's field".

Kimberly English
Variant of Kimberley.

Kingsley English
From a place name meaning "king's clearing" in Old English.

Kingston English
From a place name meaning "king's town" in Old English.

Kozłow Polish
Variant of Kozłowski.

Kozłowski m Polish
Originally a name for a person from Kozłów, Kozłowo, or other places with a name derived from Polish kozioł meaning "male goat".

Krakowski mu Polish, Jewish
Habitational name for a person from the city of Kraków in southern Poland.

Kynaston English
Originally derived from a place name meaning "Cynefrith's town" in Old English.

Lacey English
Derived from Lassy, the name of a town in Normandy. The name of the town was Gaulish in origin, perhaps deriving from a personal name that was Latinized as Lascius.

Lacy English
Variant of Lacey.

Lamar French, English
Originally from a place name in Normandy, derived from Old French la mare meaning "the pool".

Lamarre French
Variant of Lamar.

Landau German, Jewish
Derived from the town of Landau in the Palatinate region of Germany, of Old High German origin meaning "land valley".

Langley 1 English
From any of the various places with this name, all derived from Old English lang "long" and leah "woodland, clearing".

Layton English
Derived from the name of English towns, meaning "town with a leek garden" in Old English.

Leavitt English
From the name of various places called Livet in Normandy, France. They are possibly of Gaulish origin.

Lecce Italian
Originally indicated a person from Lecce, southern Italy. The town was known as Licea or Litium in Latin, earlier Lupiae.

Leccese Italian
Variant of Lecce.

Leighton English
Variant of Layton.

Leitzke German
Either from Leitzkau, the name of a town in Saxony-Anhalt, or from a diminutive of the given name Leutz, a variant of Lutz.

Lennox Scottish
From the name of a district in Scotland, called Leamhnachd in Gaelic, possibly meaning "place of elms".

Lenox Scottish
Variant of Lennox.

Léon French
Variant of Lyon 1, Lyon 2 or Lyon 3.

León 1 Spanish
Referred to a person from the city of León in northern Spain, derived from Latin legio (genitive legionis) meaning "legion", so named because the Roman 7th Legion Gemina was stationed there.

Leon English
Variant of Lyon 1, Lyon 2 or Lyon 3.

Lesley Scottish
Variant of Leslie.

Leslie Scottish
From a Scottish clan name, earlier Lesselyn, derived from a place name in Aberdeenshire, itself probably from Gaelic leas celyn meaning "garden of holly".

Levitt English
Variant of Leavitt.

Leyton English
Variant of Layton.

Lincoln English
Originally indicated that the bearer was from the English city of Lincoln, called Lindum Colonia by the Romans, derived from Brythonic lindo "lake, pool" and Latin colonia "colony". A famous bearer was Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865), president of the United States during the American Civil War.

Lindon English
Variant of Lyndon.

Lindsay English, Scottish
From the region of Lindsey in Lincolnshire, which means "Lincoln island" in Old English.

Lindsey English, Scottish
Variant of Lindsay.

Linton English
Originally from place names meaning either "flax town" or "linden tree town" in Old English.

Linwood English
Originally from place names meaning "linden tree forest" in Old English.

Lombardi Italian
Originally indicated someone who came from the Lombardy region of northern Italy, which was named for the Lombards, a Germanic tribe who invaded in the 6th century. Their name is derived from the Old German roots lang "long" and bart "beard".

Lombardo Italian
Variant of Lombardi.

London English
From the name of the capital city of the United Kingdom, the meaning of which is uncertain.

Loyola Spanish, Basque
From the name of a place name near the town of Azpeitia in the Basque Country of Spain, derived from Basque loi meaning "mud". This was the birthplace of Saint Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556), the founder of Jesuits.

Lyndon English
Originally from a place name meaning "linden tree hill" in Old English.

Lynton English
Variant of Linton.

Lynwood English
Variant of Linwood.

Lyon 1 English, French
Originally denoted a person from the city of Lyon in central France, originally Latin Lugdunum, of Gaulish origin meaning "hill fort of Lugus". It could also denote a person from the small town of Lyons-la-Forêt in Normandy.

Lyons English
Variant of Lyon 1.

Macey English
Variant of Massey.

Macy English
Variant of Massey.

Manfredonia Italian
Originally indicated a person from Manfredonia, Italy. The city was named for the 13th-century King Manfred of Sicily.

Marchegiano Italian
From the name of the Marche region in Italy, derived from Late Latin marca meaning "borderland". It was the real surname of the American boxer Rocky Marciano (1923-1969), who was born Rocco Marchegiano.

Marlow English
Originally a name for a person from Marlow in Buckinghamshire, England. The place name means "remnants of a lake" from Old English mere "lake" and lafe "remnants, remains". A notable bearer was the English playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593).

Marlowe English
Variant of Marlow.

Massey English
Derived from Massy, the name of several towns in France. The name of the town is perhaps derived from a personal name that was Latinized as Maccius.

Maxwell Scottish
From a place name meaning "Mack's stream", from the name Mack, a short form of the Scandinavian name Magnus, combined with Old English wille "well, stream". A famous bearer was James Maxwell (1831-1879), a Scottish physicist who studied gases and electromagnetism.

Meisner German
Variant of Meissner.

Meissner German
Originally denoted a person from the German town of Meissen, which is probably of Slavic origin.

Melville Scottish
From the place name Malleville meaning "bad town" in Norman French.

Melvin Scottish
Variant of Melville.

Mendoza Spanish, Basque
From a Basque place name derived from mendi "mountain" and hotz "cold".

Messana Italian
Variant of Messina.

Messina Italian
From the name of the Sicilian city of Messina, founded by Greek colonists. The city was named after the Greek city Μεσσήνη (Messene).

Milani Italian
Variant of Milano.

Milano Italian
Originally indicated someone who came from Milan.

Miranda Spanish, Portuguese
Habitational name from any of the numerous places in Spain and Portugal bearing this name, possibly derived from Latin mirandus "admirable, wonderful". A notable bearer was the Portuguese-born Brazilian singer and actress Carmen Miranda (1909-1955).

Moldovan Romanian
Originally indicated a person from the historic principality of Moldavia (see Moldova).

Montgomery English, Scottish
From a place name in Calvados, France meaning "Gumarich's mountain". A notable bearer was Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976), a British army commander during World War II.

Moray Scottish
Variant of Murray 1.

Murray 1 Scottish
Derived from the region in Scotland called Moray (Gaelic Moireabh), possibly of Pictish origin, meaning "seashore, coast". A notable bearer of this surname was General James Murray (1721-1794), who was the first British Governor-General of Canada.

Naggi Italian
Originally denoted a person from the town of Naggio in Lombardy, Italy.

Naggia Italian
Variant of Naggi.

Napoletani Italian
Originally indicated a person from Naples in Italy.

Napoli Italian
Originally indicated a person from Naples in Italy.

Napoliello Italian
Originally indicated a person from Naples in Italy.

Neuville French
From the names of various French towns meaning "new town".

Neville English, Irish
From the names of towns in Normandy, variously Neuville or Néville, meaning "new town" in French.

Newell English
Variant of Neville.

Nifterick Dutch
Variant of Van Niftrik.

Nifterik Dutch
Variant of Van Niftrik.

Niftrik Dutch
Variant of Van Niftrik.

Nørup Danish
From the name of Danish villages named Nørup or Norup.

Norup Danish
Variant of Nørup.

Nowakowski m Polish
Habitational name for a person from various towns called Nowakowo or similar, derived from Polish nowy meaning "new".

Nowicki m Polish
Habitational name for a person from any of the towns in Poland called Nowice. The name is derived from Polish nowy meaning "new".

Ó Deasmhumhnaigh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Desmond.

Ogtrop Dutch
Originally denoted a person who was from the town of Ochtrup in Germany, which is of uncertain origin.

Ongaro Italian
Variant of Ungaro.

Oorschot Dutch
Variant of Van Oirschot.

Orellana Spanish
Originally indicated a person from one of the two towns named Orellana in Badajoz, Spain. Their names are probably derived from Latin Aureliana meaning "of Aurelius".

Padovan Italian
Regional variant of Padovano.

Padovano Italian
Originally denoted one who came from the city of Padua in Italy, from Italian Padova, itself from Latin Patavium, of unknown meaning.

Paris English, French
Variant of Parish 1.

Parish 1 English
Originally denoted a person who came from the French city of Paris, which got its name from the ancient Celtic tribe known as the Parisii.

Parisi Italian
Italian form of Parish 1.

Parris English, French
Variant of Parish 1.

Parrish English
Variant of Parish 1.

Pavesi Italian
Variant of Pavia.

Pavía Spanish
Spanish form of Pavia.

Pavia Italian
From the name of the city of Pavia in Lombardy, Italy. It is of unknown meaning.

Payton English
From the name of the town of Peyton in Sussex. It means "Pæga's town".

Pensak Yiddish
Variant of Penzig.

Penzak Yiddish
Variant of Penzig.

Penzig Yiddish
Denoted a person who came from Penzig, the German name for Pieńsk, a town in southwest Poland. It is derived from Polish pień meaning "stump, tree trunk".