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Hackett English
From a diminutive of the medieval byname Hake, which was of Old Norse origin and meant "hook".

Laursen Danish
Means "son of Laur", a short form of Laurits.

Rudzīte f Latvian
Feminine form of Rudzītis.

Čech m Czech
Means "Czech". The name was used to differentiate a native of Bohemia from the natives of Silesia, Moravia and other regions that are now part of the Czech Republic.

Kavanaugh Irish
Variant of Kavanagh.

Urbanová f Czech, Slovak
Feminine form of Urban.

Goffe English
Derived from Breton or Cornish goff meaning "smith", referring to a metalworker.

Ó Suaird Irish
Means "descendant of Suart" in Irish. Suart is derived from the Old Norse name Sigurd.

Baggio Italian
Originally denoted a person from the Italian town of Baggio (now part of Milan). It is probably derived from Latin Badalocum meaning "watch place".

Van der Stoep Dutch
Means "from the paved entrance", from Dutch stoep meaning "paved porch at the entrance to a house".

Christinsen English
Means "son of Christian".

Keen English
From Old English cene meaning "bold, brave".

Parent English, French
Derived from Old French parent meaning either "notable" (from Latin pārēre meaning "to be apparent") or "parent" (from Latin parere meaning "to produce, to give birth").

Hutson English
Variant of Hudson.

Minkova f Bulgarian
Feminine form of Minkov.

Walkenhorst German
Possibly derived from a German place name Falkenhorst, from Falken meaning "falcons" and Horst meaning "thicket".

Vossen Dutch
From the given name Vos, which comes from the Frisian name Fos, which is from Old German given names beginning with the element folk meaning "people".

Strnadová f Czech
Czech feminine form of Strnad.

Alexandersen Danish, Norwegian
Means "son of Alexander".

Bailey English
From Middle English baili meaning "bailiff", which comes via Old French from Latin baiulus "porter".

Khachaturian Armenian
Alternate transcription of Armenian Խաչատրյան (see Khachaturyan).

Mackintosh Scottish
Variant of McIntosh.

Meyrick Welsh
Variant of Merrick.

Gonzales Spanish
Variant of González.

Gerhardt German
Derived from the given name Gerhard.

Olmos Spanish
Variant of Olmo.

Székely Hungarian
Denoted a person of Székely ancestry. The Székelys are a population of Hungarians who live in central Romania.

Walther German
From the given name Walther.

Konstantinidis m Greek
Means "son of Konstantinos" in Greek.

Roscoe English
From the name of a town in Lancashire, derived from Old Norse rá "roebuck" and skógr "wood, forest".

Marley English
Originally denoted a person who hailed from one of the various places in Britain called Marley, ultimately meaning either "pleasant wood", "boundary wood" or "marten wood" in Old English. One of the main characters in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol (1843) bears this surname. It was also borne by the Jamaican reggae musician Bob Marley (1945-1981).

Ogden English
From a place name derived from Old English ac "oak" and denu "valley".

Ignatiev m Russian
Alternate transcription of Russian Игнатьев (see Ignatyev).

Willey English
Variant of Wiley.

Gama Portuguese
Probably from a place name derived from Portuguese gama meaning "fallow deer doe", from Latin gammus.

Lesauvage French
French form of Savage.

Murdoch Scottish
Scottish form of Murdock.

Bunker English
Derived from Old French bon cuer meaning "good heart".

Andreasson Swedish
Means "son of Andreas".

Fransson Swedish
Means "son of Frans".

Ellis English, Welsh
Derived from the given name Elijah, or sometimes Elisedd.

Sommer 1 German, English
Means "summer", from Old High German sumar or Old English sumor. This was a nickname for a cheerful person, someone who lived in a sunny spot, or a farmer who had to pay taxes in the summer.

Kopitar Slovene
From Slovene kopito meaning "hoof", an occupational name for a shoer.

Tan Chinese (Hokkien)
Min Nan romanization of Chen.

Yankov m Bulgarian
Means "son of Yanko".

Earls English
Patronymic form of Earl.

Christison English
Means "son of Christian".

Janáček m Czech
From a diminutive of the given name Jan 1.

Aikawa Japanese
From Japanese 相 (ai) meaning "mutually, together", 愛 (ai) meaning "love, affection" or 哀 (ai) meaning "grief, sorrow" combined with 川 (kawa) or 河 (kawa) both meaning "river, stream".

Hadjiev m Bulgarian
Alternate transcription of Bulgarian Хаджиев (see Hadzhiev).

Ó Rodagh Irish
Means "descendant of Rodach" in Irish. The given name Rodach is derived from from Irish rod meaning "spirited, furious".

Goebel German
Variant of Göbel.

Alkema Frisian
Means "son of Alke".

Martinelli Italian
From a diminutive of the given name Martino.

Krikorian Armenian
Alternate transcription of Armenian Գրիգորյան (see Grigoryan).

Mac an Aba Irish, Scottish Gaelic
Gaelic form of McNab.

Bancroft English
From any of the various places of this name, derived from Old English bean meaning "bean" and croft meaning "small enclosed field".

Selvatici Italian
Italian form of Savage.

Wallace Scottish, English, Irish
Means "foreigner, stranger, Celt" from Norman French waleis (of Germanic origin). It was often used to denote native Welsh and Bretons. A famous bearer was the 13th-century Scottish hero William Wallace.

Brownlow English
From Old English brun meaning "brown" and hlaw meaning "mound, small hill". The name was probably given to a family living on a small hill covered with bracken.

Weasley Literature
Used by J. K. Rowling for the character of Ron Weasley (and other members of his family) in her Harry Potter series of books, first released in 1997. Rowling presumably derived it from the English word weasel, perhaps in combination with the common place name/surname suffix -ley, which is derived from Old English leah meaning "woodland, clearing".

Olayinka Yoruba
From the given name Olayinka.

Steele English
Occupational name for a steelworker, from Old English stele meaning "steel".

Smedley English
From an unidentified place name probably meaning "smooth clearing" in Old English.

Seaver English
From the unattested Old English given name Sæfaru, derived from the Old English elements sæ "sea, ocean" and faru "journey".

Panza Italian, Literature
From a variant of the Italian word pancia meaning "stomach, paunch", originally a nickname for a chubby person. The Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes used it in his novel Don Quixote (1605), where it is the surname of Don Quixote's squire Sancho Panza. Not a common Spanish surname, Cervantes may have based it directly on the Spanish word panza (a cognate of the Italian word).

Pastor Spanish
Means "shepherd" in Spanish.

Guttenberg German, Jewish
From the name of various places, derived from Middle High German guot meaning "good" and berg meaning "mountain". As a Jewish surname it is ornamental.

Marlow English
Originally a name for a person from Marlow in Buckinghamshire, England. The place name means "remnants of a lake" from Old English mere "lake" and lafe "remnants, remains". A notable bearer was the English playwright and poet Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593).

Penny English
Nickname meaning "penny, coin" from Old English penning.

Sheenan Irish
Variant of Shannon.

Pärn Estonian
Means "linden tree" in Estonian.

Eriksson Swedish
Means "son of Erik".

Baines 1 Welsh
From Welsh ab Einws meaning "son of Einws", a diminutive of Einion.

Pallesen Danish
Means "son of Palle".

Mahoney Irish
Anglicized form of the Irish Ó Mathghamhna meaning "descendant of Mathgamain".

Bradshaw English
From any of the places by this name in England, derived from Old English brad "broad" and sceaga "thicket".

Mwangi Kikuyu
Derived from the given name Mwangi.

Rodriguez Spanish
Unaccented variant of Rodríguez.

Winkler German
Derived from Old High German winkil meaning "corner".

Pabst German
From German Papst, a cognate of Pope.

Mercado Spanish
Means "market" in Spanish, originally given to a person who lived near a market or worked in one.

Skálová f Czech
Feminine form of Skála.

Verboom Dutch
Means "from the tree" in Dutch.

Björkman Swedish
From Swedish björk (Old Norse bjǫrk) meaning "birch tree" and man (Old Norse maðr) meaning "person, man".

Trujillo Spanish
Originally denoted a person from Trujillo, Spain, originally called Turgalium in Latin.

Fodor Hungarian
From Hungarian fodor meaning "curly, wavy", referring to a person with curly or wavy hair.

Rodney English
From a place name meaning "Hroda's island" in Old English (where Hroda is an Old English given name meaning "fame").

Pan 1 Provençal
Means "baker", from Latin panis meaning "bread".

Balogh Hungarian
Means "left handed" in Hungarian.

Aust German
Derived from Aust, an archaic diminutive of August.

Goranova f Bulgarian
Feminine form of Goranov.

Waldo English
From the Anglo-Scandinavian given name Waltheof.

Nagy um Hungarian, Slovak
From a nickname meaning "big, great" in Hungarian, referring to one's characteristics. This is the most common Hungarian surname. In Slovakia this spelling is only used for men, with Nagyová being the feminine form.

Mac Néill Irish
Irish form of McNeil.

Lefebvre French
Variant of Lefèvre.

Flipsen Dutch
Means "son of Flip".

Gilbert English, French
Derived from the given name Gilbert.

Järvi Finnish
Means "lake" in Finnish.

Eklund Swedish
From Swedish ek (Old Norse eik) meaning "oak" and lund (Old Norse lundr) meaning "grove".

Adomaitytė f Lithuanian
Feminine form of Adomaitis. This form is used by unmarried women.

Bachmann German
Denoted a person who lived near a stream, from Middle High German bach "stream" and man "man".

Macaulay Scottish, Irish
Variant of McCauley.

Mathewson English
Means "son of Matthew".

Poingdestre Jèrriais
Jèrriais form of Poindexter.

Scordato Italian
Means "forgotten, left behind" in Italian.

Ivov m Bulgarian
Means "son of Ivo 2".

Schermer Dutch, Low German
Dutch and Low German form of Schirmer.

Ludwig German
From the given name Ludwig.

Sutherland Scottish
Regional name for a person who came from the former county by this name in Scotland. It is derived from Old Norse suðr "south" and land "land", because it was south of the Norse colony of Orkney.

Tesaříková f Czech
Feminine form of Tesařík.

Balčiūnienė f Lithuanian
Feminine form of Balčiūnas. This form is used by married women.

Styles English
Locational name for one who lived near a steep hill, from Old English stigol "stile, set of steps".

Renaud French
From the given name Renaud.

Abasolo Basque
Means "priest's meadow" from Basque abas "priest" and solo "meadow".

Alescio Italian
From the given name Alessio.

Keefe Irish
Anglicized form of the Irish Ó Caoimh meaning "descendant of Caomh".

Halle German
German variant of Hall.

Fitzwilliam Irish
Means "son of William" in Anglo-Norman French.

Stark English, German
From a nickname meaning "strong, rigid", from Old English stearc or Old High German stark.

Teague 2 Cornish
From Cornish tek meaning "fair, beautiful".

Slezáková f Czech, Slovak
Feminine form of Slezák.

Vespa Italian
From an Italian nickname meaning "wasp".

Kean Irish
Anglicized form of Ó Catháin.

Navarro Spanish
Denoted a person who came from Navarre in northern Spain (Spanish Navarra). The name of the region is of Basque origin, possibly from nabar meaning "brown".

Perez Spanish
Unaccented variant of Pérez.

Grigorov m Bulgarian
Means "son of Grigor".

Merino Spanish
From the title for a judge in medieval Spain, derived from Latin maior.

Prinsen Dutch
Means "son of the prince", the term prince would have denoted someone who acted in a regal manner.

Everett English
From the given name Everard.

Aldershof Dutch
Means "Aldert's courtyard" from the given name Aldert combined with Dutch hof "yard, court".

Schultheis German
Variant of Schulz.

Putnam English
From Puttenham, the name of towns in Hertfordshire and Surrey in England, which mean "Putta's homestead".

Mac Giolla Dhuibh Irish
Irish Gaelic form of Kilduff.

Anselmi Italian
Means "son of Anselmo".

Bakalova f Bulgarian
Feminine form of Bakalov.

Wood English, Scottish
Originally denoted one who lived in or worked in a forest, derived from Old English wudu "wood".

Hult Swedish
Swedish form of Holt.

Arterbury English
Variant of Atteberry.

Nakashima Japanese
Variant of Nakajima.

Leyton English
Variant of Layton.

Bentley English
From a place name derived from Old English beonet "bent grass" and leah "woodland, clearing". Various towns in England bear this name.

Jakobsen Danish, Norwegian
Means "son of Jakob".

Traver French
French variant of Travers.

MacLean Scottish
Variant of McLean.

Ekström Swedish
From Swedish ek (Old Norse eik) meaning "oak" and ström (Old Norse straumr) meaning "stream".

Aho Finnish
Means "meadow, glade" in Finnish.

Řezníčková f Czech
Feminine form of Řezníček.

Vila Catalan
Catalan form of Villa.

Cavallo Italian
Means "horse" in Italian, an occupational name for a horseman.

Vinci 1 Italian
From the given name Vincenzo.

Wyrick Polish (Anglicized)
Americanized form of Wyrzyk.

Pocock English
Variant of Peacock.

Panagiotopoulou f Greek
Feminine form of Panagiotopoulos.

Darcy English
From Norman French d'Arcy, originally denoting someone who came from the town of Arcy in La Manche, France. A notable fictional bearer is Fitzwilliam Darcy from Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice (1813).

Head English
From Middle English hed meaning "head", from Old English heafod. It may have referred to a person who had a peculiar head, who lived near the head of a river or valley, or who served as the village headman.

Péter Hungarian
Derived from the given name Péter.

Abélard History
Adopted by the 12th-century French philosopher Pierre le Pallet, thereafter known as Pierre Abélard (or Peter Abelard in English). It is not certain how he contrived it. Possibly he was inspired by the given name Abel.

Bevan Welsh
Derived from Welsh ap Evan meaning "son of Evan".

Solo Basque
Means "rural estate" in Basque.

MacEanruig Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic form of McKendrick.

Baumhauer German
Occupational name meaning "woodcutter", derived from German Baum "tree" and hauen "to chop".

Benjaminson English
Means "son of Benjamin".

Santiago Spanish, Portuguese
From various Spanish and Portuguese places called Santiago.

Spitznagel German
Means "sharp nail" in German, an occupational name for a nailsmith.

Díaz Spanish
Means "son of Diego" in Spanish.

Yates English
From Old English geat meaning "gate", a name for a gatekeeper or someone who lived near a gate.

Lynn English
From the name of a town in Norfolk (King's Lynn), derived from Welsh llyn meaning "lake".

Kurbonov m Uzbek, Tajik
Alternate transcription of Uzbek/Tajik Қурбонов (see Qurbonov).

Suero Spanish
Derived from the given name Suero.

Boyce English
From Old French bois meaning "wood", originally given to someone who lived by or in a wood.

Michaelson English
Means "son of Michael".

Reardon Irish
Variant of Riordan.

Akhmadova f Chechen
Feminine form of Akhmadov.

Dupont French
Means "from the bridge", from French pont "bridge".

Ballerini Italian
From Italian ballerino meaning "dancer", an occupational name or nickname for someone who liked to dance.

Wen Chinese
From Chinese 文 (wén) meaning "literature, culture, writing".

Kārkliņa f Latvian
Feminine form of Kārkliņš.

Quixote Literature
Created by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes for the main character in his novel Don Quixote (1605), about a nobleman who goes mad after reading too many heroic romances and decides to become a wandering knight under the name Don Quixote. His real name in part one of the book is conjectured to be Quixada or Quesada, though in part two (published 10 years after part one) it is revealed as Alonso Quixano. The Spanish suffix -ote means "large".

MacCoughlan Irish
Means "son of Cochlán". The given name Cochlán is derived from Irish cochal meaning "cape" or "hood".

Quijano Spanish
From the name of a village in northern Spain.

Gérard French
From the given name Gérard.

Cuijpers Dutch
Variant of Kuiper.

Magyar Hungarian
Means "Hungarian" in Hungarian.

Sýkora m Czech, Slovak
Means "tit (bird)" in Czech and Slovak.

Davids English
Means "son of David".

Balode f Latvian
Feminine form of Balodis.

Meyer 3 English
Variant of Mayer 3.

Ajam Arabic
From Arabic عَجَم (ʿajam) meaning "foreigner, non-Arab".

Sass Hungarian
Variant of Sas.

MacFhionnlaigh Scottish Gaelic
Means "son of Fionnlagh" in Scottish Gaelic.

Hrabě m Czech
Means "count" in Czech, perhaps used to denote someone who worked for a count or acted like a count.

Bunschoten Dutch
Originally indicated a person from the Dutch town of Bunschoten, which might mean "raised, enclosed land".

Kokkonen Finnish
From Finnish kokko meaning "eagle".

Kozlova f Russian
Feminine form of Kozlov.

Oikonomou Greek
Derived from Greek οικονόμος (ikonomos) meaning "housekeeper, steward".

Simons English, German, Dutch
Derived from the given name Simon 1.

Grabowski m Polish
Habitational name for someone from any of the various places called Grabów, Grabowa or Grabowo, all derived from Polish grab meaning "hornbeam tree".

Rudawski m Polish
Indicated a person who lived near the Rudawa, a river in Poland.

Gross German
Variant of Groß.

Serafini Italian
Derived from the given name Serafino.

Parkinson English
Means "son of Parkin", a medieval diminutive of Peter.

Butkienė f Lithuanian
Feminine form of Butkus. This form (or Butkuvienė) is used by married women.

Jankovič Slovene
Means "son of Janko".

Moe Norwegian
Means "sandy ground" in Norwegian.

Hofer German
Occupational name for a farmer, from German Hof "farm", from Old High German hof "yard, court".

Reis German, Jewish
From Middle High German ris meaning "twig, branch, bush", denoting a person who lived in an overgrown area. As a Jewish name it is ornamental.

Petrić Croatian
Means "son of Petar".

Bernardová f Czech
Czech feminine form of Bernard.

Marvin English
Derived from the Welsh given name Merfyn or the Old English name Mærwine.

Lakatos Hungarian
Means "locksmith" in Hungarian, a word of Romance origin.

Berg German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish
From Old High German, Old Dutch and Old Norse berg meaning "mountain".

Beyersdorf German
Means "farmers village", from German Bauer meaning "farmer" and Dorf meaning "village".

Darnell 1 English
Derived from Old French darnel, a type of grass.

Stoddard English
Occupational name for a horse keeper, from Old English stod "stallion, stud" and hierde "herder".

Werner German
From the given name Werner.

Róbertsson Icelandic
Means "son of Robert".

Monk English
Nickname or occupational name for a person who worked for monks. This word is derived from Latin monachus, from Greek μοναχός (monachos) meaning "alone".

Melnik Russian, Belarusian
Means "miller" in Russian and Belarusian.

Tosetti Italian
Diminutive form of Tosi.

De Palma Italian
Means "from the palm tree" in Italian.

Vasiliauskienė f Lithuanian
Feminine form of Vasiliauskas. This form is used by married women.

Järvinen Finnish
Derived from Finnish järvi meaning "lake". It is one of the most common surnames in Finland.

Bonham English
English form of Bonhomme.

Abbà Italian
Variant of Abate.

Wu 1 Chinese
From Chinese 吴 (wú) referring to the ancient state of Wu, which was located in present-day Jiangsu province.

Anghelescu Romanian
Means "son of Anghel".

Giese German, Danish
Derived from a short form of the given name Giselbert or other Old German names beginning with the element gisal meaning "pledge, hostage".

Rademacher Low German
Low German cognate of Rademaker.

Richter German
Means "judge" in German, from Middle High German rihtære.

Summers 2 English
Variant of Sommer 1.

Klerkse Dutch
Variant of De Klerk.

İsmayılov m Azerbaijani
Means "son of İsmayıl".

Dubois French
Means "from the forest", from French bois "forest".

Sessions English
From the name of the city of Soissons in northern France, itself derived from the name of the Celtic tribe of the Suessiones.

Moulin French
Means "mill" in French.

Tiraboschi Italian
Possibly of Lombardic origin meaning "shepherd" (from Old German tior "animal" and bursa "boy"). This surname is typical of Lombardy.

Østergaard Danish
Variant of Østergård.

Rinaldi Italian
Derived from the given name Rinaldo.

Van Der Heijden Dutch
Means "from the heathland" in Dutch.

Linton English
Originally from place names meaning either "flax town" or "linden tree town" in Old English.

Mlynář m Czech
Means "miller" in Czech.

Whittemore English
From various English place names derived from Old English hwit "white" and mor "moor, heath, bog".

Šimonienė f Lithuanian
Feminine form of Šimonis. This form is used by married women.

Van der Veen Dutch
Means "from the swamp", from Dutch veen meaning "fen, swamp, peat". It originally indicated a person who resided in a peat district or fen colony.

Márton Hungarian
Derived from the given name Márton.

Böhme German
Variant of Böhm.

Little English
Meaning simply "little", it was originally a nickname given to a short person.

Janzen Dutch
Means "son of Jan 1".

Kristensen Danish
Means "son of Kristen 1".

Tanzer German
Means "dancer" in German, derived from Middle High German tanzen "to dance".

Saad Arabic, Malay
From the given name Sa'd.

Gniewek Polish
Derived from Gniewek, a diminutive of Zbigniew, Jarogniew, or other names containing gniew "anger".

De Vito Italian
Means "son of Vito 1".

Chance English
From a nickname for a lucky person or a gambler.

Stevanović Serbian
Means "son of Stevan".

MacRae Scottish
Variant of McRae.

Sandford English
Indicated a person from Sandford, England, which means simply "sand ford".

Zuñiga Basque
From the name of a Spanish town, formerly named Estuniga in Basque, possibly derived from Basque istuin "channel, strait".

Friedrich German
Derived from the given name Friedrich.

Penzig Yiddish
Denoted a person who came from Penzig, the German name for Pieńsk, a town in southwest Poland. It is derived from Polish pień meaning "stump, tree trunk".

Mészáros Hungarian
Means "butcher" in Hungarian.

Westbrook English
From the name of places in England, derived from Old English west "west" and broc "brook, stream".

Miyashita Japanese
From Japanese 宮 (miya) meaning "temple, shrine, palace" and 下 (shita) meaning "under, below".

Van As Dutch
Means "from Asch", a town in the Netherlands, meaning "ash tree".

Gwózdek Polish
Derived from either archaic Polish gwozd meaning "forest" or gwóźdź meaning "nail".

London English
From the name of the capital city of the United Kingdom, the meaning of which is uncertain.

Deadman English
Variant of Debenham.

Shwetz Ukrainian (Anglicized)
Anglicized form of Shvets.

Einarsson Swedish
Means "son of Einar".

Vašková f Czech, Slovak
Feminine form of Vašek or Vaško.

Sobel Jewish
Variant of Sobol.

Schuhart German
Variant of Schuchardt.

Lum English
From the name of towns in England called Lumb, probably from Old English lum "pool".

Řezníček m Czech
Diminutive of Řezník.

Upton English
Denoted a person hailing from one of the many towns in England bearing this name. The place name itself is derived from Old English upp "up" and tun "enclosure, yard, town".

Scherer German
Occupational name for a cutter of cloth or a sheep-shearer, from Old High German skeran "to cut".

Leonardsen Norwegian
Means "son of Lennart".

Balážová f Slovak
Feminine form of Baláž.

Jaeger German
Variant of Jäger.

Dinu Romanian
From the given name Dinu.

Ahlers Low German
Means "son of Alard".

Rameckers Dutch
Variant of Rademaker.

Granville English
Derived from a Norman place name Grainville.

Román Spanish
From the given name Román.

Marić Croatian, Serbian
Means "son of Marija".

Hernandez Spanish
Unaccented variant of Hernández.

Clayton English
From the name of various places meaning "clay settlement" in Old English.