Browse Submitted Surnames

This is a list of submitted surnames in which the usage is German; and the name appears on the United States popularity list.
usage
Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed.
Fichter German
Topographic name for someone who lived near pine trees (originally bei den Fichten, Feichten, or Feuchten), from Old High German fiohta. The vowel of the first syllable underwent a variety of changes in different dialects.
Fichter German (Austrian)
Habitational name deriving from places named with this word in Württemberg, Bavaria, Saxony, or Austria.
Fichtner German
The Fichtner family name first began to be used in the German state of Bavaria. After the 12th century, hereditary surnames were adopted according to fairly general rules, and names that were derived from locations became particularly common
Fick German
Derived from the given name Friedrich.
Fiene German, Low German
A nickname for an elegant person, from Middle Low German fin, meaning ‘fine’. Can also be a locational name from several fields and places named Fiene.
Fier German
German word for "four"
Fifer German, American, Slovene
Americanized and Slovenian spelling of German Pfeiffer.
Fightmaster German (Americanized)
Americanized form of Fechtmeister. Emmett Rogers Fightmaster (1992-), known professionally as E. R. Fightmaster, is an American non-binary actor, producer and writer.
Filbert German, English (Rare), French (Rare)
Derived from the name Filbert, a variant of Philibert.
Finck English, German
From the German word for "finch" a type of bird
Finger English, German, Jewish
Probably applied as a nickname for a man who had some peculiarity of the fingers, such as possessing a supernumerary one or having lost one or more of them through injury, or for someone who was small in stature or considered insignificant... [more]
Fink German, Slovene, English, Jewish
Nickname for a lively or cheerful person, Jewish ornamental name derived from the Germanic word for "finch", and German translation of Slovene Šinkovec which is from šcinkovec or šcinkavec meaning "finch".
Finster German, Jewish
Nickname from German finster "dark, gloomy" or Yiddish fintster (Middle High German vinster). The name may have referred to a person's habitual character or it may have been acquired as a result of some now irrecoverable anecdote... [more]
Firestone German (Americanized), Jewish (Americanized)
Calque (translation into English) of the German and Ashkenazi surname Feuerstein.
Fisch German, Jewish
From German (fisch) meaning "fish".
Fischbach German
From a place called Fischbach, or a topographic name from German meaning fisch 'fish' + bach 'stream'.
Fischbein German, Jewish
Means "fish bone".
Fischmann German, Jewish
Cognate of Fishman. occupational name for a fish seller from Middle High German fisc Yiddish fish (German fisch) "fish" and Middle High German and Yiddish man (German mann) "man".
Fiscus German
From Latin fiscus "basket", a humanistic Latinization of the German surname Korb. This is a metonymic occupational name for a basketmaker or a peddler, or a habitational name for someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a basket.
Flag English (Rare), English (African), German (Rare)
Habitual surname for someone who lived in or near a bog or peat soil, from Old Norse flag(ge). Also used as a variant of Flack.
Flatow German
Derived from the name of a district that existed in Prussia from 1818 to 1945. Today the territory of the Flatow district lies in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Greater Poland Voivodeship in Poland.
Flaugher German (Anglicized)
Americanized spelling of German Flacher, itself a variant of Flach, or of Flaucher, a nickname derived from an agent derivative of Middle High German vluochen meaning "to swear".
Fleckenstein German
German for "stain stone".
Fleig German
Nickname for a restless or insignificant person from Middle Low German vleige ‘fly’.
Fleisch German
Metonymic occupational name for a butcher. Derived from Middle High German fleisch or vleisch "flesh meat".
Fleischhacker German, Jewish
Occupational name for a butcher from German fleisch "flesh meat", and an agent derivative of hacken "to chop or cut".
Fleischhauer German
Occupational name for a butcher from Middle High German fleisch or vleisch "flesh meat" and an agent derivative of Middle High German houwen "to cut". Variant of Fleischauer.
Fleischman German (Austrian)
Fleischman translates in English to Meat Man, or Butcher It is most often used with a single "n" for those who were persecuted as Jews. Other Germanic spellings for Christians and others not deemed Jewish are Fleischmann, or Fleishmann... [more]
Fleischmann German, Jewish
occupational name for a butcher literally "meatman, butcher" from Middle High German fleisch "flesh, meat" and man "man".
Fleisig German
"industrious"
Flemming German, English
German cognate and English variant of Fleming, an ethnic name for someone from Flanders Middle High German vlaeminc... [more]
Flerchinger German
Flerchinger is a name with origins from the city of Flörschingen or Flörange in the Saarland region on the French and German border.
Flesch German, German (Austrian)
Possibly from the Middle High German fleisch, itself from the Old High German word fleisk meaning "flesh, meat".
Flick German
Nickname for a quick and lively person. From Middle High German vlücke meaning "awake, bright, energetic".
Flint English, German
Topographic name for someone who lived near a significant outcrop of flint, Old English, Low German flint, or a nickname for a hard-hearted or physically tough individual.
Floerchinger German
Habitational name for someone from Flörchingen in the Saar region.
Floerke German
Floerke Name Meaning German (Flörke): from a pet form of the personal names Florian or Florentinus, from Latin Florus (from florere ‘to bloom’).Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-508137-4... [more]
Florentin Romanian, French, German
From the given name Florentin.
Fluck German
Derived from Middle High German vlücke "feathered, fully fledged", a nickname for a lively or cheerful person.
Flückiger German (Swiss)
Origin and meaning unknown.
Fluri German (Swiss), Romansh
Derived from a diminutive of the German given name Florian and the Romansh given name Flurin.
Focks German
Variant of Fuchs.
Fogel German
Variant of Vogel
Fogle German
Variant of Vogel.
Foland German (Americanized)
Possibly an Americanized form of German Volland.
Folger German
From nickname volger, meaning "companion, supporter"
Folkerts German, English
Derived from the given name Folcher. See also Fulcher
Foltz German
It is from Germany and it is based on the personal name Volz, which was popular in former times. It means son or descendant of a Volz or Folz
Forster English (Anglicized), German, Jewish, Slovak
English: occupational and topographic name for someone who lived or worked in a forest (see Forrest). ... [more]
Foust German
Foust is a name for a person who was strong and pugnacious and was derived from the Old German word "fust," which meant "fist."
Fout German
[Foust} maybe german. The Fout name can be traced back to Denmark.
Fraas German
Nickname from Middle Low German vrās or Middle High German vrāz meaning "glutton".
Frankel German
Variant of Frank.
Frankenberg German, Jewish
habitational name from a place in northern Hesse named as "fort (Old High German burg) of the Franks". From German franken and berg "mountain hill mountain"... [more]
Frankhauser German
Denotes somebody from any of several places with the name Frankenhausen.
Frantz German
Name given to a free man.
Frase German
Variant of Fraas.
Fratzke German (Rare)
Of debated origin and meaning. Theories include a Slavic origin and a derivation from Middle Low German vratz "glutton".
Freeling Dutch, German (Americanized)
Americanized form of Dutch Vrielink or German Frühling.
Freiburg German
Derives from the German words, frei, which means free, and berg, which means hill, and is the name of a city in Germany.
Freidhof German
Topographical name from the German Fredihof 'graveyard', 'cemetery' (from Middle Low German, Middle High German vrithof 'enclosed farmstead or courtyard', later 'cemetery').
Freier German
Status name of the feudal system denoting a free man, as opposed to a bondsman, from an inflected form of Middle High German vri "free".
Freier German
Archaic occupational name, from Middle High German, Middle Low German vrier, vriger, denoting a man who had the ceremonial duty of asking guests to a wedding.
Freimann German
German cognate of Freeman. from Middle High German vriman "free man" status name in the feudal system for a free man as opposed to a bondman or serf derived from the elements fri "free" and man "man".
Freitag German, Jewish
Means "Friday" in German.
Frey German
Status name for a free man, as opposed to a bondsman or serf, in the feudal system, from Middle High German vri "free", "independent".
Freyer German
Variant of Freier.
Frick German
Variant of Fricke.
Fricke German
Derived from a Low German diminutive of the given name Friedrich.
Frickel German
Elaboration of Frick.
Fricker German
Patronymic form of Frick.
Fricker German, German (Swiss)
Habitational name for someone from the Frick valley in Baden, Germany, or from Frick in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland.
Friddle German
Americanized version of Friedel.
Fridman Yiddish, German (Anglicized)
Derived from the Yiddish "Frid" (see fridu) meaning "peace," combined with "man" meaning "man" or "person." Originally derived from a vernacular form of Shalom, it is also an anglicized spelling of the German name Friedmann.
Friedberg German, Jewish
Combination of either German vride "security, protection" or Friede "peace", with berg "hill, mountain". The name is most often locational, but may in some cases be ornamental.
Friedel German
From the given name Friedrich.
Friedmann German, German (Swiss), Jewish (Ashkenazi)
German and Swiss German from a derivative of Friedrich. ... [more]
Friesen German, Dutch
Patronymic form of Friso (see Fries).
Frisch German
Nickname for someone who was handsome, cheerful, or energetic, from Middle High German vrisch.
Frischkorn German, Jewish
An occupational name for a farmer composed of German frisch "fresh" and korn "grain"... [more]
Fritsch German
Patronymic name derived from the given name Friedrich.
Fritz German
From the given name Fritz.
Fritzen German
Variant of Fritz.
Fritzsche German
A German patronymic derived from the given name Friedrich.
Froehner German
Derived from Middle High German vröhner meaning "servant".
Fröhlich German
It literally means "happy".
Frosch German
Nickname for someone thought to resemble a frog.
Frühling German (Rare)
Nickname from Middle High German vrüelinc German frühling "spring" in some cases for an early-born child from früh "early" and the suffix -ling denoting affiliation.
Fruth German
nickname from Middle High German vruot ‘clever’, ‘astute’
Frutiger m German
Frutiger is a German surname that is a habitational name for someone from the place called Fruttigen.
Frys English, Dutch, German, Polish
1. English Origin (Variant of Fry or Frye)... [more]
Fucik Czech, German
Most likely from the Czech word fuch which means "fool, idiot". It could also be a variant of the German surname Fuch, which is related to fuchs meaning "fox".
Fuhrer German
Originally, an occupational name for a carrier or carter, a driver of horse-drawn vehicles.... [more]
Fulbright German (Anglicized)
Americanized form of German surname Vollbrecht, composed of the elements folk ‘people’ + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’
Fultz German
All I know is that it's a german name
Funk German
Derived from Middle High German vunke "spark". ... [more]
Funke German
German: variant of Funk.
Furman Polish, Czech, Slovak, Jewish, Slovene, English, German (Anglicized)
Polish, Czech, Slovak, Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic), and Slovenian: occupational name for a carter or drayman, the driver of a horse-drawn delivery vehicle, from Polish, Yiddish, and Slovenian furman, a loanword from German (see Fuhrmann)... [more]
Furrer German (Swiss)
Topographic name from the regional term furre ‘cleft in the ground’.
Furth German
German cognate of Ford.
Furtwängler German
Denotes somebody from Furtwangen im Schwarzwald, a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg.
Fust German
Variant of Faust or a nickname for a person who was strong and pugnacious, derived from Old German fust "fist".
Gaa German
Bavarian dialect variant of Gau.
Gaber Jewish, German
In Jewish, from Haber, and in German from Gabrijel.
Gangelhoff German
Gangelhoff - German
Gann German
Topographic name for someone who lived near an expanse of scree, Middle High German gant.
Gans German, Dutch
Means "goose" in German and Dutch, either an occupational name for someone who worked with geese, a habitational name for someone who lived by a sign depicting a goose, or a nickname for someone walked oddly or was considered silly or foolish... [more]
Gans German, Dutch
From Old High German ganz "whole, intact, healthy", a nickname for a particularly strong or healthy person.
Ganser German
From the Middle High German word ganser meaning "gander", occupational name for a geese shepherd.
Garson Scottish, French, English, German (Anglicized), Spanish, Jewish
Variant of Scottish Carson and Corston, French Garçon, Spanish-Jewish Garzon and English Garston, or an Americanised form of German Gerson... [more]
Garten German, Jewish
metonymic occupational name for a gardener or overseer of a garden or enclosure. Originally the term denoted the keeper of an enclosure for deer later of a vineyard or smallholding from Middle High German garte "garden enclosure"... [more]
Gartmann German (Swiss)
Derived from Middle High German garte "garden; yard" and German Mann "man", this was occupational name for a gardener. In some cases it may have been a status name referring to the owner of a small (enclosed or fenced) farm or an occupational name for a worker at a deer preserve.
Gassaway German
From the word gasse meaning "alley, street".
Gasser German (Swiss)
Occupational name for a goat herd from Middle High German geiz meaning "Goat" and (n)er an agent suffix.
Gassmann German, Jewish
From German Gasse or Yiddish גאַס (gas), both from Middle High German gazze, meaning "street", denoting someone who lived in a street of a city, town or village.... [more]
Gast German, Germanic
From the Ancient Germanic name element gast.
Gäthje German
Variant of Gathje.
Gathje German
Meaning unknown.
Gatlin German
Possibly an altered spelling of German Göttling, from a Germanic personal name formed with god ‘god’ or god ‘good’ + -ling suffix of affiliation, or, like Gättling (of which this may also be an altered form), a nickname from Middle High German getlinc ‘companion’, ‘kinsman’.
Gatling English, German (Anglicized)
English variant of Gatlin. Possibly a respelling of German Gättling (see also Gatlin).
Gatz German
Habitational name from a place so named in Pomerania.
Gau German
Habitational name from any of various places named with Middle High German gau, göu ‘area of fertile agricultural land’.
Gauger German
Middle High German gougern 'to wander around or stagger', presumably a nickname for someone with a peculiar gait.
Gaul Scottish (Latinized, Rare), Irish, German
Scottish and Irish: variant of Gall ... [more]
Gawel Polish, English (Americanized), German (Germanized)
Variant of Gaweł, particularly outside of Poland.
Gayer German
Derived from Slavic gaj "grove", this name denoted a forest warden.
Gayheart German (Anglicized), French (Anglicized)
Americanised form of German Gerhardt or possibly French Jolicoeur. A famous bearer is American actress Rebecca Gayheart (1971-).
Gebhard German
From the given name Gebhard
Gebhardt German
From a Germanic given name composed of the elements geb "gift" and hard "hardy", "brave", "strong".
Geidl German
Derived from a Middle High German nickname giudel meaning “braggart” or “squanderer.”
Geigle German
Meaning "violinist" in Swabian German.
Geiselhart German (Silesian, Rare), Lombardic (Rare), Old High German (Rare)
Possibly after the Geisel, a river in Saxony-Anhalt, which likely received its name from either the Lombardic patronym Giso, meaning "noble, precious promise" or from the Old High German gewi, from the Gothic gavi, or gaujis, a which is a medieval term for a "region within a country", often a former or actual province combined with the suffix Hart, which means "stag", and comes from the Middle English hert and the Old English heort.... [more]
Geiselman German (Silesian)
From the given name Geisler.
Geiser German, German (Swiss)
Occupational name for a goatherd, from a derivative of Middle High German geiz 'goat'.
Geisinger German
Denoted a person from the town of Geising in Germany, which in turn got it's name from the Geisingberg mountain. The Geisingberg most likely got it's name from the Germanic geut or the Early New High German geußen, both meaning "to pour", and the German word Berg meaning "mountain"... [more]
Geist German
Habitational name for someone who lived in a house marked by the sign of the Holy Spirit (normally depicted as a dove), from Middle High German geist 'spirit'.
Geister German (Silesian)
Occupational name for a goatherd, from an agent derivative of Geist
Geller Yiddish, German, Russian
The name may derive from the German word "gellen" (to yell) and mean "one who yells." It may derive from the Yiddish word "gel" (yellow) and mean the "yellow man" or from the Yiddish word "geler," an expression for a redheaded man... [more]
General German
nickname for a mercenary (employed in royal services).
Gerbracht German, Dutch
From a form of the given name Gerbert, meaning "bright spear".
Gerdes German
Patronymic name, coming from "son of Gerhard.
Gerhart German
From the given name Gerhard
Gerlach Dutch, German
From the given name Gerlach.
Gerland German
Derived from the given name Gerland.
Gerling German
German patronymic from a short form of a Germanic personal name beginning with the element gar, ger ‘spear’, ‘lance’.
Gerloff German
Derived from the given name Gerulf. German cognate of Géroux and Giroux.
German English, Norman, German, Jewish, Greek
From Old French germain meaning "German". This sometimes denoted an actual immigrant from Germany, but was also used to refer to a person who had trade or other connections with German-speaking lands... [more]
Gerner German
Habitational name for someone from one of five places in Bavaria called Gern.
Gersch German, Jewish
Variant of Giersch. ... [more]
Gerson German, Jewish
Variant of Jewish Gershon, or derived from a short form of the German given name Gerhard.
Gerth German (Swiss)
From a reduced form of Gerhardt. Habitational name for someone from Gerthe near Bochum.
Gertsch German (Swiss)
From a short form of any of the Germanic personal names formed with gēr meaning ‘spear’, ‘lance’.
Gertz German
Patronymic from a Germanic personal name meaning "hardy", "brave", "strong."
Gerwig German, French
Derived from the Germanic given name Gerwig, ultimately from the elements gēr meaning "spear" and wīg meaning "battle, fight". This surname is also found in France (mainly in the region of Alsace)... [more]
Gerwin German
From the given name Gerwin.
Gerz German
Variant of Gertz.
Geyer German
Variant of Geier.
Gfeller German
Topographical name for someone who lived by a gorge, Middle High German gevelle, or a habitational name for someone from any of various places in Bavaria and Austria named from this word.
Gibert French, German
From a short form of Gilbert.
Gier German
Means "greed" in German.
Gierke German
A derivative of the personal names Gerard or Gerald. ... [more]
Giersch German
German from the female personal name Gerusch or Gerisch, pet forms of Gertrud (see Trude), with the Slavic suffix -usch or -isch.
Giesbrecht German
A variant of the given name Giselbert, which in turn is related to Gilbert... [more]
Gieselman German
Variant spelling of Geiselman.
Giesinger German
Denoted a person from the town of Giesing in Germany. Or perhaps a variant spelling of Geisinger. A famous bearer of this surname is the German singer-songwriter Max Giesinger.
Gilgen German, German (Swiss)
Derived from Middle High German gilge "lily", this was a habitational name from the inflected form of a house name meaning "at the lily".
Gilgen German (Swiss)
Derived from a short form of the given name Aegidius.
Gimpel German, Jewish
German: from a pet form of the personal name Gumprecht (see Gombert). ... [more]
Gindlesperger German
Possibly a topographic name for someone who lived on a mountain near the town of Gindels in Bavaria, Germany.
Gindt German, Alsatian
From the Germanic personal name Gundo, from gund meaning "war", "battle".
Gingrich German (Americanized)
Potentially from German “junge” and “reich,” meaning “rich at a young age.” Anglicized by immigrants as either Gingrich or Guengerich.
Ginsburg German, Jewish
Habitational name for someone who came from Gunzberg in Bavaria, Günsburg in Swabia, or Gintsshprik (Königsburg) in East Prussia. Its origin is from the name of the river Günz, written in early Latin documents as Guntia, which was probably of Celtic origin, and Old High German burg meaning "Fortress, walled town".
Gips German, Dutch
Patronymic derived from a short form of names containing the Old Germanic element gebō "gift", or a Dutch cognate of Gibbs.
Gire English (American), German
Americanized form of German Gaier or Geyer.
Gisbert German
From the given name Gisbert.
Gish German
From a shortened form of the Germanic personal name Gisulf, literally "hostage wolf". It was borne by American actress Lillian Gish (?1893-1993), original name Lillian de Guiche.
Glandt German
Nickname from Middle High Geman glander meaning "gleam", "sparkle", "shine", for someone with such a temperament.
Glaus German (Swiss)
Derived from a late medieval short form of Niklaus.
Glauser German (Swiss)
Patronymic form of Glaus.
Glock German
Meant "person who lives by a church bell-tower or in a house with the sign of a bell", "bell-ringer" or "town crier" (German Glocke "bell"). It was borne by Sir William Glock (1908-2000), a British music administrator.
Gloff German
German and Swiss German: from the Germanic personal name Egilolf, composed of the elements agi(l) ‘edge’, ‘point’ (of a sword) + wolf ‘wolf’, cognate with Old English Ecgwulf. This was the name of several Lombard kings (ancestors of the Bavarian ducal line of the Agilolfinger), who introduced the name to Italy.
Gobert French, German, English
From the given name Gobert a compressed form of Godebert composed of the ancient Germanic elements god "good" or god/got "god" and berht "bright famous".
Gödel German
From an Old German personal name, Godilo, Godila.German (Gödel): from a pet form of a compound personal name beginning with the element god ‘good’ or god, got ‘god’.Variant of Godl or Gödl, South German variants of Gote, from Middle High German got(t)e, gö(t)te ‘godfather’.
Goedel German
Variant of Gödel.
Goeman German
Patronym from a Germanic name: good or god + man.
Goertzen German
German: probably a variant of Göretz, a reduced form of Gerhards (see Gerhardt), or a variant of Goertz.
Goethe German
From a short form of the personal name Godo, formed with the Germanic element god, got 'god', or from Middle High German göte 'godfather'.
Goettel German
From a pet form of Gottfried, or any of the other personal names formed with Got(t)-.
Goetz German
Originally a hypocorism of the given name Gottfried. Variants include the surnames Getz, Götz and the given name Götz.
Goetzinger German
Originally denoted a person who came from an place called Götzing, Götzingen or Goetzingen.... [more]
Goldberg German, Jewish, Danish
From German gold 'gold' and -berg, meaning 'gold-mountain'.
Golder German
Meaning "gold worker, jeweller".
Goldfarb English, German, Jewish
Goldfarb is a Jewish occupational name that was originally derived from the Old German word gold.
Goldman German, Jewish
Possibly meaning goldsmith in German, from Gold and Mann.... [more]
Goldmann German, Jewish
occupational name for someone who worked with gold denoting anything from a gold-miner to a maker of gold jewelry or a gilder (someone skilled in decorating surfaces with a very thin layer of gold leaf)... [more]
Goldner German
"Gold maker, gilder".
Goldring German, English, Jewish
This surname was probably given to someone who wore a gold ring.
Goldwasser German
German form of the anglicised surname Goldwater.
Goldwater German (Anglicized), Jewish (Anglicized)
This name is an Anglicized form of the German or Ashkenazic ornamental surname 'Goldwasser', or 'Goldvasser'. The name derives from the German or Yiddish gold', gold, with 'wasser', water, and is one of the very many such compound ornamental names formed with 'gold', such as 'Goldbaum', golden tree, 'Goldbert', golden hill, 'Goldkind', golden child, 'Goldrosen', golden roses, and 'Goldstern', golden star.
Gombert French, German
French and German: from Gundbert, a Germanic personal name composed of the elements gund ‘battle’ + berht ‘bright’, ‘famous’... [more]
Goodbar German (Anglicized), English
Possibly an altered spelling of English Godber, derived from the medieval given name Godebert, or an occupational name for a beer brewer and a nickname for a toper... [more]
Goos German, Flemish, Dutch
Either a metonymic occupational name for a breeder or keeper of geese, from Middle Low German gōs and Middle Dutch goes "goose", or a short form of an Old German personal name containing Gote "Goth" or got "god", particularly Goswin or Gozewijn (a compound name with the second element wini "friend").
Göring German
German surname most commonly associated with Nazi Party leader, Hermann Göring.
Gottfried German, Jewish
Derived from the given name Gottfried. A famous bearer was the American comedian and actor Gilbert Gottfried (1955-2022).
Gottlob German
From the given name Gottlob.
Gottstein German
Topographic name from a field name meaning literally "God's rock" derived from the elements got "god" and stein "stone"... [more]
Götz German
Originally a hypocorism of Gottfried, which is derived from an Old High German given name. Variants include the surnames Getz and Goetz, as well as the given name Götz.
Grabe German
Topographic name for someone who lived by a dike or ditch, or habitational name from either of two places in Thuringia named with this word: Grabe and Graba.
Grabenstein German
Habitational name from Grafenstein near Wohlau, Silesia.
Grable German
Means "digger of ditches or graves" (from a derivative of Middle High German graben "ditch"). A famous bearer was US actress, dancer and singer Betty Grable (1916-1973).
Graef Dutch, German
Variant form of Graf or De Graaf.
Grämlich German
Nickname for an irascible person, derived from Middle High German gramelich, gremlich meaning "angry".
Grammer German, English
Variant of Krämer or a habitational name for someone possibly from German places called Gram or Grammen. It can also be an English occupational name for a scholar or an astrologer, derived from Old French gramaire meaning "grammarian, scholar, astrologer"... [more]