MianUrdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi From an honorific title used on the Indian subcontinent meaning "lord, master, sir" or "prince", derived from Persian میان (miyan) meaning "middle, centre, between".
NongChinese, Vietnamese From Chinese 农 (nóng) meaning "farming, agriculture, cultivation", also referring to the ancient official position Nong Zheng (農正) meaning "agriculture officer". It is also used as a simplified variant of Vietnamese Nông, which is of the same origin.
ParekhGujarati Means "assayer, examiner" in Gujarati, ultimately from Sanskrit परीक्षक (parīkṣaka). It was used to denote a person who tested the authenticity of currency or jewels.
PirzadehPersian Means "born of the pir", from the Persian title پیر (pir) denoting a Sufi spiritual guide (literally meaning "elder, old"). This name was traditionally used by owners or custodians of Sufi mausoleums and shrines.
PunongbayanTagalog From Tagalog punong bayan meaning "mayor, chief (of a city)".
QiaoChinese From Chinese 乔 (qiáo) referring to Qiao Shan, a mountain in present-day Shaanxi province where the legendary king Huang Di was supposedly buried.
QuanChinese From Chinese 权 (quán) referring to the ancient state of Quan, which existed during the Shang and Zhou dynasties in what is now Hubei province.
QuếVietnamese Vietnamese form of Gui, from Sino-Vietnamese 桂 (quế).
SarfatiJudeo-Spanish From Hebrew צרפתית (tsar'fatit) meaning "French". It was originally used to refer to the Biblical place name Tzarfat, which has come to be identified as modern-day France.
ShanChinese From Chinese 单 (shàn) referring to the ancient state of Shan, which existed during the Zhou dynasty in what is now Henan province.
ShaoChinese From Chinese 邵 (shào) referring to the ancient fief of Zhao, which existed during the Shang dynasty in what is now Shaanxi province. The name of the fief, 召, had the same pronunciation as the character 邵.
ShariatiPersian From Persian شریعت (shari'at) referring to Islamic (shari'a) law, ultimately from Arabic.
ShastriHindi, Marathi From a title meaning "scholar", itself derived from Sanskrit शास्त्रिन् (shastrin) denoting a person who was well-versed in the shastras.
ShenChinese From Chinese 沈 (shěn) referring to the ancient state of Shen, which existed during the Zhou dynasty in what is now the Henan province.
SherpaNepali From the name of the Sherpa people of Nepal, India and Bhutan, itself derived from Tibetan ཤར (shar) meaning "east" and the nominalising particle པ (pa).
ShiChinese From Chinese 施 (shī) referring to the ancient state of Shi, which existed during the Xia dynasty in present-day Hubei province.
ShiChinese From Chinese 石 (shí) meaning "stone", also referring to the ancient city of Chach that is now Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
ShimoyamaJapanese From Japanese 下 (shimo) meaning "lower portion, end" and 山 (yama) meaning "mountain".
ShiromaOkinawan (Japanized) Japanese form of the Okinawan surname 城間 (Gushikuma), derived from Okinawan 城 (gushiku) meaning "castle" and 間 (ma) meaning "among, between".