Submitted Surnames on the United States Popularity List

This is a list of submitted surnames in which the name appears on the United States popularity list.
usage
Submitted names are contributed by users of this website. The accuracy of these name definitions cannot be guaranteed.
Sydow Low German
Habitational name from any of several places so named in Germany.
Sykes English
English Surname (mainly Yorkshire): topographic name for someone who lived by a stream in a marsh or in a hollow, from Middle English syke ‘marshy stream’, ‘damp gully’, or a habitational name from one of the places named with this word, in Lancashire and West Yorkshire.
Syler German
Altered spelling of German Seiler.
Sylla Manding, Western African
Susu surname of unknown meaning.
Sylvain French
From the given name Sylvain
Sylvers Irish
Variant of Silvers.
Sylvester English
From the given name Sylvester.
Sylvestre French
From the given name Sylvestre.
Syme English
Variant of Symes, from a form of the given name Simon 1 (see Simms).
Symington Scottish
Habitational surname derived from the places of the same name, derived from the given name Simon 1 and northern Middle English ‘ton’ meaning settlement... [more]
Symmes English
Variant of Simms
Syracuse Italian (Anglicized)
Americanized spelling of Siracusa. This is also the name of a city in the U.S. state of New York, though the etymology is unrelated.
Syrén Swedish
Meaning uncertain. Perhaps a combination of an unknown first element and the common surname suffix -én, or taken directly from Swedish syren "lilac".
Syrett English
Either (i) from the medieval male personal name Syred (from Old English Sigeræd, literally "victory-counsel"); or (ii) from the medieval female personal name Sigerith (from Old Norse Sigfrithr, literally "victory-lovely").
Sytsma Frisian
Son of Sietse/Sytse/Sijtse
Syversen Norwegian
Patronymic form derived from the given name Syvert, a rare variant of Sivert... [more]
Szady Polish (Archaic)
Nickname from Old Polish szady ‘gray’. Compare Sady.
Szász Hungarian
From Szász meaning "Saxon" in Hungarian. Ethnic or regional name for a German speaker from Transylvania or Szepes, etymologically a derivative of German Sachs.
Szczepkowski Polish
Habitational name for someone from a place named Szczepków, from the personal name Szczepek, a pet form of Szczepan.
Szczęsny Polish
From the given name Szczęsny.
Sze Chinese (Cantonese)
Cantonese romanization of Shi.
Szeliga Polish
Habitational name from places called Szeliga or Szeligi. It is not clear whether there is any connection with the Polish vocabulary word szeliga ‘coat-of-arms’.
Szeremeta Polish
Polish cognate of Sheremeta.
Szeto Chinese (Cantonese)
Cantonese romanization of Situ.
Szóstak Polish
It literally means a deer with 6-pointed antlers.
Szot Polish
Nickname for a fish seller with a bad reputation, from szot "bad herring".
Szpakowski Polish
This indicates familial origin within the Podlachian village Szpakowo.
Szurgot Polish
Nickname from szurgot ‘shuffling sound’
Szydło Polish
Means "awl" in Polish, used as an occupational name for a cobbler.
Szymanowski Polish
Name for someone from a place called Szymanów, Szymanowo or Szymanowice, all derived from the given name Szymon.
Szymczyk Polish
Means "son of Szymon".
Ta Vietnamese
Simplified variant of Tạ.
Tạ Vietnamese
Vietnamese form of Xie, from Sino-Vietnamese 謝 (tạ).
Taal Estonian
Taal is an Estonian surname derived from the German "thaler"; a silver coin.
Tabak Jewish
Metonymic occupational name for a seller of tobacco, from German Tabak, Yiddish and Ukrainian tabik (all ultimately from Spanish tabaco, a word of Caribbean origin). Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 16th century.
Tabak Turkish
Occupational name for a tanner
Tabak Dutch
Occupational name for a butcher or hog breeder, from Middle Dutch tucbake composed of tucken "to pull, push, strike" and bake "hog, pig; meat from the back of a pig".
Tabares Spanish
Spanish form of Tavares.
Tabassum Arabic, Bengali, Urdu
Derived from the given name Tabassum.
Tabata Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy" and 端 (hata) meaning "edge, end, tip".
Tabata Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy" and 畑 or 畠 (hata) meaning "farm, cropfield".
Tabbert German, Frisian
From Middle Low German tabbert, Middle Dutch tabbaert ‘tabard’, a sleeveless overgarment worn by men in the Middle Ages, (ultimately from French tabard, from Late Latin tabardum)... [more]
Taber English, Polish
English: variant spelling of Tabor. ... [more]
Tabi Japanese (Rare)
From Japanese 多比 (Tabi) meaning "Tabi", an area in the city of Numazu in the prefecture of Shizuoka in Japan.
Tabibi Persian
From Persian طبیب (tabib) meaning "doctor, physician" (of Arabic origin).
Taboada Galician
This indicates familial origin within any of various eponymous localities.
Tabor English, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, Jewish
English: metonymic occupational name for a drummer, from Middle English, Old French tabo(u)r ‘drum’.... [more]
Tabuchi Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy" and 渕 or 淵 (fuchi) meaning "abyss, edge, deep pool".
Tacconi Italian
Possibly from Italian taccone "patch".
Tacey English, English (American)
(East Midlands): From A Pet Form Of The Middle English Personal Name Eustace. Compare Stacey, Stace... [more]
Tada Japanese
From the Japanese 多 (ta) "many" and 田 (ta or da) "rice paddy."
Tadeo Spanish
From the given name Tadeo
Tadevosyan Armenian
Means "son of Tadevos".
Tadros Arabic (Egyptian), Coptic
Arabic form of Theodore, chiefly used by Copts.
Tae Taiwanese, Chinese (Hokkien)
Min Nan and Hokkien romanization of Zheng.
Tafa Albanian
Derived from the given name Tafa, itself a short form of Mustafa.
Taffe English
Of Irish origin, derived from the Gaelic surname "Ó Táth," meaning "descendant of Táth." It's believed to have originated as a personal name, possibly meaning "poet" or "philosopher."
Tafolla Spanish
Possibly a derivative of southern Spanish tafulla, tahulla, a term denoting a measure of land. The surname is not found in present-day Spain.
Tafoya Spanish
Possibly a variant of Tafolla.
Ţaga Romanian
Țaga is a commune and village in Cluj County, Romania.
Taga Estonian
Taga is an Estonian surname meaning "behind".
Tagawa Japanese (Rare)
Tagawa means "ricefield river"
Taghizadeh Persian
From the given name Taghi combibned with Persian زاده (zadeh) meaning "offspring".
Tagle Spanish (Philippines)
Hispanicized form of Arabic Tagri meaning "frontier."
Tagliaferro Italian
From the Italian tagliare "to cut" and ferro "iron" occupational name for an ironworker or a nickname for a strong or ferocious fighter, one who was adept at cutting through the cuirass of the enemy with his sword (see Telfer).
Taglialatela Italian
Taglialatela means "the person who cuts the cloth" and is typical in the Naples and Caserta areas of Italy.
Tagliamonte Italian
Tagliamonte means "mountain cutter". From the Italian tagliate (to cut) and monte (mountain).
Taguchi Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field" and 口 (kuchi) meaning "mouth, entrance".
Taha Arabic
From the given name Taha.
Tahara Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy" and 原 (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Taher Arabic, Bengali
From the given name Tahir.
Taheri Persian
From the given name Taher.
Tahir Arabic, Urdu
From the given name Tahir.
Tahmasebi Persian
From the given name Tahmasp.
Tai Chinese
Variant of Dai.
Tai Japanese (Rare)
From Japanese 泰 (tai) meaning "peaceful".
Taibi Sicilian
Taibi is a Sicilian nickname for a robust person; from Arabic ṭayyib "in good health".
Taimanglo Chamorro
Chamorro for "without wind/breath"
Taira Japanese
Meaning "peace". Together with the Fujiwara and Minamoto, this is one of the most prominent clans in Japanese history... [more]
Tait Scottish, English
Nickname for an energetic or cheerful person, derived from Middle English and Older Scots tayt "merry, lively". Compare Tate.
Taitague Chamorro
Chamorro for "without meaning/essence/being "
Taitano Chamorro
Meaning "one without land" from Chamorro tai, prefix meaning "to be without", and tano meaning "land".
Taitingfong Chamorro
Means "without counting" from Chamorro tai meaning "without, not having" and tufong meaning "count".
Taj Pashto, Urdu, Persian
Derived from the given name Taj.
Taj Arabic, Urdu, Pashto, Persian
Derived from the given name Taj.
Tajima Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field" and 島 or 嶋 (shima) meaning "island".
Tajiri Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "paddy, field" combined with 尻 (shiri) "behind, end, rear".
Taka Japanese
From Japanese taka, meaning "high, tall". Other kanji combinations are also possible.
Takada Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy".
Takagi Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 木 (ki) meaning "tree, wood".
Takahara Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 原 (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Takahara Italian
Takahara means "Treasure" in Italian. It was created as a family name only two generations ago.
Takahata Japanese
高 (Taka) means "expensive, tall, high" and 畑 (hata) means "field, farmland".... [more]
Takai Japanese
From the Japanese 高 (taka) "high," "expensive" and 井 (i) "well."
Takaki Japanese
Taka means "high" and ki means "wood, tree".
Takakura Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 倉 (kura) meaning "granary, storehouse".
Takamatsu Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 松 (matsu) meaning "pine tree, fir tree".
Takami Japanese
Taka means "High, Tall, Expensive" and Mi means "Viewing, See, Outlook".
Takamine Japanese
Tákats means "high, expensive" and mine means "peak".
Takamiya Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 宮 (miya) meaning "temple, shrine, palace".
Takamori Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 森 (mori) meaning "forest".
Takamoto Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 本 (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Takamura Japanese
Taka means "high, expensive, tall" and mura means "hamlet, village".
Takano Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 野 (no) "field, wilderness".
Takao Japanese
From 高 (taka) meaning "high, tall, expensive" and 尾 (o) meaning "tail, end".
Takaoka Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 岡 (oka) meaning "hill, ridge".
Takara Japanese
From 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high, boasting" and 良 (ra) meaning "good".
Takasaki Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 崎 (saki) meaning "cape, peninsula".
Takase Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 瀬 (se) meaning "rapids, ripple, current".
Takashima Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 島 or 嶋 (shima) meaning "island".
Takayama Japanese
From Japanese 高 (taka) meaning "tall, high" and 山 (yama) meaning "mountain, hill".
Takehara Japanese (Rare)
Take means "Bamboo" while Hara means "Plain". This surname means " Plain of the Bamboo". Takehara is also a city in Hiroshima and a railway station.
Takehara Japanese
From Japanese 竹 (take) meaning "bamboo" and 原 (hara) meaning "field, plain".
Takei Japanese
From Japanese 武 (take) meaning "military, martial" or 竹 (take) meaning "bamboo" and 井 (i) meaning "well, mine shaft, pit".
Takekawa Japanese
Take means "bamboo" and kawa means "stream, river".
Takemori Japanese
Take means "bamboo" and mori means "forest".
Takemoto Japanese
From Japanese 竹 (take) meaning "bamboo" and 本 (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Takemura Japanese
From Japanese 竹 (take) meaning "bamboo" and 村 (mura) meaning "town, village".
Takeshita Japanese
From Japanese 竹 (take) meaning "bamboo" and 下 (shita) meaning "under, below".
Taketa Japanese
From Japanese 武 (take) meaning "military, martial" and 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy".
Takeyama Japanese
From Japanese 竹 (take) meaning "bamboo" and 山 (yama) meaning "mountain".
Taki Japanese (Rare)
From Japanese 滝 or 瀧 (taki) meaning "waterfall, rapids".
Takiguchi Japanese
From Japanese 滝 or 瀧 (taki) meaning "waterfall, rapids" and 口 (kuchi) meaning "mouth, opening, entrance".
Takimoto Japanese
From Japanese 瀧 (taki) meaning "waterfall, rapids" and 本 (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Takizawa Japanese
Taki means "waterfall" and zawa comes from sawa meaning "marsh, swamp".
Takizawa Japanese
From Japanese 滝 or 瀧 (taki) meaning "waterfall, rapids" and 沢 or 澤 (sawa) meaning "marsh".
Takyi Akan
Meaning unknown.
Tal Hebrew (Modern)
From the given name Tal, means "dew" in Hebrew.
Tala Filipino
meaning a star in philippine culture
Talamantes Spanish
Habitational name from Talamantes in Zaragoza province
Talampas Filipino
Means "plateau, stiff cliff" in Tagalog.
Talarico Italian
Of uncertain origin; probably from the Germanic personal name Athalaric.
Talat Arabic
Derived from the given name Tal'at.
Talavera Spanish
Spanish: habitational name from any of several places named Talavera, especially Talavera de la Reina in Toledo province.
Talbert English, French
From a continental Germanic personal name composed of the elements tal "valley" and berth "bright".
Talbi Arabic (Maghrebi)
From the given name Talib.
Talcott English, Norman
Norman habitational name from Taillecourt in France.... [more]
Taleb Arabic
From the given name Talib.
Talebi Persian
From the given name Taleb.
Talha Arabic, Bengali, Urdu
Derived from the given name Talha.
Tali Estonian
Tali is an Estonian surname meaning both "winter" and "tackle" or "pulley".
Talib Arabic
From the given name Talib.
Tall Estonian
Tall is an Estonian surname meaning both "lamb" and "stable/barn".
Tallant English (British, ?), Norman, Irish
English (of Norman origin) occupational name for a tailor or nickname for a good swordsman, from taillant ‘cutting’, present participle of Old French tailler ‘to cut’ (Late Latin taliare, from talea ‘(plant) cutting’)... [more]
Tallarico Italian
It came from the Medieval Italian names Tallarico and Talarico ultimately from the Ostrogothic name Atalarico.... [more]
Tallent English
Habitational name from Talland in Cornwall, which is thought to be named as ‘hill-brow church site’, from Cornish tal + lann.
Talley English
Variant of Tolley.
Talley Irish (Anglicized)
Shortend anglicized form of Ó Taithligh.
Talley English (American)
Americanized form of Tallig.
Tallón Spanish
Either a Spanish variant of Catalan Talló (see Tallo) or a habitational name from any of the places in A Coruña, Ourense, and Pontevedra provinces called Tallón.
Tallon English, Irish, Norman, French
English and Irish (of Norman origin), and French from a Germanic personal name derived from tal ‘destroy’, either as a short form of a compound name with this first element (compare Talbot) or as an independent byname... [more]
Talon English, French
Derived from Old French talon "heel", denoting a person with a deformity or a swift person. It could also be a diminutive form of given names Talbot and Talleyrand.
Talukdar Bengali, Indian, Assamese
Bengali alternate transcription of Talukder as well as the Assamese form.
Talukder Bengali
From a title for land-owning aristocrats in the Mughal Empire and British Raj who were responsible for collecting taxes. The title itself was derived from Arabic تعلق (ta'alluq) meaning "attachment, affiliation" combined with the Persian suffix دار (-dar) indicating ownership.
Talwar Indian
Sikh name based on the name of a clan in the Khatri community, derived from Panjabitəlwār ‘sword’ (Sanskrit taravāri).
Tam Chinese (Cantonese)
Cantonese romanization of Tan.
Tam Chinese (Cantonese)
Cantonese romanization of Tan.
Tamai Japanese
From the Japanese 玉 (tama) meaning "jewel, ball, bundle" and 井 (i) meaning "well, pit, mineshaft".
Tamaki Japanese
From Japanese 玉 (tama) meaning "jewel, ball, sphere" combined with 城 (ki) meaning "castle", 置 (ki) meaning "put, place, set", or 木 (ki) meaning "tree, wood".
Tamang Tibetan
Tamang may be derived from the word Tamang, where Ta means "horse" and Mang means warrior in Tibetan. However there are no written documentations of Horse Rider naming nor present Tamang people have horse riding culture.
Tamang Tamang
From Tamang རྟ་དམག་ (Ta Damag) meaning "Tamang", a Tibeto-Burman ethnic group.
Tamaru Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "paddy, field" combined with 丸 (maru) meaning "whole, complete".
Tamashiro Japanese
Means "jewel castle" or "ball castle" in Japanese. From the Japanese words 玉 (jewel, ball) and 城 (castle). This surname is of Okinawan origin.
Tamayo Spanish
from a town in the burgos region in spain.
Tambor Jewish
Derived from German Tambour "drummer in a regiment", ultimately via French tambour from Old French tambor "drum".
Tambunan Batak
Derived from Batak tambun meaning "large, many" or "hill, heap, mound".
Tamburini Italian
Means "drummer", from Italian tamburo "drum".
Tamer Arabic
Derived from the given name Tamir.
Tamim Arabic, Bengali
From the given name Tamim.
Tamimi Arabic
From the given name Tamim.
Tamir Jewish
From the given name Tamir.
Tamiya Japanese (Rare)
Tamiya means "rice field palace". See also Miyata
Tamminen Finnish
From "tammi" meaning "oak tree". A place with lot of oaks.
Tamondong Filipino, Pangasinan
Meaning uncertain.
Tampubolon Batak
From Batak tampuk meaning "leaf stalk, base" and bolon meaning "big, large, great".
Tamrakar Newar, Indian
Means "copper maker; craftsman" in Sanskrit. This is used by the Tamrakar caste of Nepal and India, and mainly of Newar ethnicity in Nepal.
Tan English (Australian, Rare)
Possibly from the English Word "Tan", or from the Given Name Tan.
Tan Turkish
Means "dawn, daybreak" in Turkish.
Tan Chinese
From Chinese 谭 (tán) referring to the state of Tan that existed during the Zhou dynasty in what is now Shandong province.
Tan Chinese
From Chinese 谈 (tán) referring to the ancient vassal state of Tan, which existed during the Zhou dynasty in what is now Shandong province.
Tanabe Japanese
From Japanese 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy" and 辺 or 邊 (nabe) meaning "area, place".
Tanase Japanese
From 棚 (tana) meaning "shelf", 種 (tana) meaning "seed", 田 (ta) meaning "rice paddy, field" combined with 名 (na) meaning "name, reputation, status", or 多 (ta) meaning "many, various" combined with 那 (na) meaning "what", that is then combined with 瀬 (se) meaning "rapids, current, ripple, torrent"
Tancredi Italian
From the given name Tancredi.
Tanda Japanese
From Japanese 反 (tan) referring to a unit of areal measure (equivalent to about 991.7 metres squared) and 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy".
Tandon Indian, Punjabi, Hindi
Of unknown meaning.
Tandy English
From a pet-form of the male personal name Andrew.
Taneja Indian
This surname was apparently derived from tən‘blade of grass’ (from Sanskrit tṛna).
Tanev Bulgarian
Derived from the forename Tane.
Tăng Vietnamese
Vietnamese form of Zeng, from Sino-Vietnamese 曾 (tăng).
Tang Chinese
From Chinese 汤 (tāng) meaning "hot water, soup, broth", originally derived from the name of Cheng Tang, the first king of the Shang dynasty.
Tangen Norwegian
Tangen is a village in south-east Norway.
Tanglao Tagalog
From Tagalog tanglaw meaning "light, illumination", ultimately from Hokkien 燈樓/灯楼 (teng-lâu).
Tanguma Indigenous American (?), Mexican
Mexican surname of uncertain origin, probably Native American.
Tanguy French, Breton
From the given name Tanguy, derived from Breton tan "fire" and ki "dog".
Tanielian Armenian
Alternate transcription of Armenian Դանիելյան (see Danielyan)
Tanielu Samoan
From the given name Daniel.
Tanigawa Japanese
From Japanese 谷 (tani) meaning "valley" and 川 (kawa) meaning "river, stream".
Tanimoto Japanese
From Japanese 谷 (tani) meaning "valley" and 本 (moto) meaning "base, root, origin".
Tanimura Japanese
From Japanese 谷 (tani) meaning "valley" and 村 (mura) meaning "town, village".
Tanioka Japanese
Tani means "valley" and oka means "ridge, hill".
Tanji Japanese (Rare)
Rare in Japan, the name is written with characters meaning ‘red’ and ‘govern’. The actual meaning is unclear.
Tanko Romanian (Americanized)
In Romania Tankó is most common in Harghita, Covasna, and Bacău counties. Tankó is also common in Hungary and Slovakia.
Tannahill Scottish
From the name of a place in Ayrshire, Scotland.
Tannen German, Jewish
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) habitational name from any of several places in Lower Saxony or Baden named with German Tannen ‘pine’, or from a short form of any of the many compound names formed with this element... [more]
Tannenbaum Jewish, German
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) topographic name or Jewish ornamental name from German Tannenbaum ‘fir tree’, ‘pine tree’.
Tannhäuser German
Habitational name for someone from any of the places called Tannhausen in Brandenburg, Silesia or Württemberg.
Tanno Japanese
From Japanese 丹 (tan) meaning "red, vermilion" and 野 (no) meaning "field, wilderness".
Tanno Romansh
Of debated origin and meaning; theories include a derivation from the given name Donatus.
Tannous Arabic
Derived from the given name Tannous, an Arabic form of Anthony.
Tano Italian
From a short form of the personal name Gaetano.
Tano Japanese
From 田 (ta) meaning "field, rice paddy" and 野 (no) meaning "field, wilderness, plain".
Tanoue Japanese
Ta means "field, rice paddy", no is a possessive particle, and ue means "above".
Tanveer Urdu
From the given name Tanwir.
Tanvir Bengali, Urdu
From the given name Tanwir.
Tào Vietnamese
Vietnamese form of Cao, from Sino-Vietnamese 曹 (tào).
Tao Chinese
From Chinese 陶 (táo) meaning "pottery, ceramics", used to denote someone who was responsible for making pottery.
Tape English, German
Variant spelling of Tapp.
Tapio Finnish
From the given name Tapio.
Täpp Estonian
Täpp is an Estonian surname meaning "fleck" or "speckle".
Tapp English, German
Derived from an Old English given name Tæppa, of uncertain origin and meaning. In German, it is a nickname for a clumsy person or a simpleton, derived from Middle Low German tappe meaning "oaf".
Tapper Swedish
Swedish soldier name meaning "brave". ... [more]
Tarabay Arabic
History of this surname is unknown. A famous bearer with this last name is Nick E. Tarabay, a Lebanese-American actor.
Taranto Italian
Habitational name from the southern Italian city and provincial capital of this name (from Latin Tarentum from Greek Taras). Variant of Tarantino and Di Taranto.
Taras Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian
From the given name Taras.
Tarasov Russian
Means "son of Taras".
Tarasova Russian
Feminine form of Tarasov.
Tarasyuk Ukrainian
Means "son of Taras".
Tarbell English
Tarbell is an alteration of the English placename Turville in Buckinghamshire in England.
Tardif French, French (Quebec)
From Latin tardivus, "slow". Given its unusually frequency as a family name and derivatives like Tardieu or Tardivel, it may have been a medieval given name.
Tariq Arabic, Urdu
From the given name Tariq.
Taris Italian
Meaning unknown, probably from Sardinian.
Tark Estonian
Tark is an Estonian surname meaning "wise" or "sage".
Tarkowski Polish
Habitational name for someone from Tarkowo in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship or Tarków in Masovian Voivodeship (of uncertain origin compare tarka ‘grater rasper’).